Listening Test Part 1
1. secondary
2. flute
3. cinema
4. concert
5. market
6. Bythwaite
7. actor
8. A
9. B
10. C
ILTS Listening Test Part 2
11. E
12. D
13. G
14. B
15. C
16. A
17. F
18. H
19. C
20. B
Listening Test Part 3
21. & 22. B, D
23. & 24. A, B
25. & 26. B, E
27. C
28. A
29. A
30. C
Listening Test Part 4
31. dry
32. hard
33. sugar / sugars
34. roots
35. moist / damp / wet
36. variety
37. cattle
38. gardens / gardening
39. grasses
40. payment / payments / money
ROB: Good morning. Stretton Festival box office. How can I help you?
MELANIE: Oh, hello. My family and I are on holiday on the area, and we’ve seen some posters about the festival this week. Could you tell me about some of the events, please?
ROB: Of course.
MELANIE: First of all, are there still tickets available for the jazz band on Saturday?
ROB: There are, but only £18 (Example). The £12 seats have all been sold.
MELANIE: OK. And the venue is the school, isn’t it?
ROB: Yes, that’s right, the secondary school (Q1). Make sure you don’t go to the primary school by mistake! And there’s an additional performer who isn’t mentioned on the posters – Carolyn Hart is going to play with the band.
MELANIE: Oh, I think I’ve heard her on the radio. Doesn’t she play the oboe, or flute or something?
ROB: Yes the flute (Q2). She usually plays with symphony orchestras, and apparently this is her first time with a jazz band.
MELANIE: Well, I’d certainly like to hear her. Then the next thing I want to ask about is the duck races – I saw a poster beside a river. What are they, exactly?
ROB: Well, you buy a yellow plastic duck – or as many as you like – they’re a pound each. And you write your name on each one. There’ll be several races, depending on the number of ducks taking part. And John Stevens, a champion swimmer who lives locally, is going to start the races. All the ducks will be launched into the river at the back of the cinema (Q3), then they’ll float along the river for 500 metres, as far as the railway bridge.
MELANIE: And are there any prizes?
ROB: Yes, the first duck in each race to arrive at the finishing line wins its owner free tickets for the concert on the last night of the festival. (Q4)
MELANIE: You said you can buy a duck? I’m sure my children will both want one.
ROB: They’re on sale at a stall in the market (Q5). You can’t miss it – it’s got an enormous sign showing a couple of ducks.
MELANIE: OK. I’ll go there this afternoon. I remember walking past there yesterday. Now could you tell me something about the flower show, please?
ROB: Well, admission is free, and the show is being held in Bythwaite Hall. (Q6)
MELANIE: Sorry, how do you spell that?
ROB: B-Y-T-H-W-A-I-T-E. Bythwaite.
MELANIE: Is it easy to find? I’m no very familiar with the town yet.
ROB: Oh, you won’t have any problem. It’s right in the centre of Stretton. It’s the only old building in the town, so it’s easy to recognise.
MELANIE: I know it. I presume it’s open all day.
ROB: Yes, but if you’d like to see the prizes being awarded for the best flowers, you’ll need to be there at 5 o’clock. The prizes are being given by a famous actor, Kevin Shapless (Q7). He lives nearby and gets involved in a lot of community events.
MELANIE: Gosh, I’ve seen him on TV. I’ll definitely go to the prize-giving.
ROB: Right.
————————-
MELANIE: I’ve seen a list of plays that are being performed this week, and I’d like to know which are suitable for my children, and which ones my husband and I might go to.
ROB: How old are your children?
MELANIE: Five and seven. What about ‘The Mystery of Muldoon’?
ROB: That’s aimed at five to ten-year-olds. (Q8)
MELANIE: So if I take my children, I can expect them to enjoy it more than I do?
ROB: I think so. If you’d like something for yourself and your husband and leave your children with a babysitter, you might like to see ‘Fire and Flood’ (Q9) – it’s about events that really happened in Stretton two hundred years ago, and children might find it rather frightening.
MELANIE: Oh, thanks for the warning. And finally, what about ‘Silly Sailor’?
ROB: That’s a comedy, and it’s for young and old (Q10). In fact, it won an award in the Stretton Drama Festival a couple of months ago.
MELANIE: OK. Well, goodbye, and thanks for all the information. I’m looking forward to the festival!
ROB: Goodbye.
Good morning, and welcome to the museum – one with a remarkable range of exhibits, which I’m sure you’ll enjoy. My name’s Greg, and I’ll tell you about the various collections as we go round. But before we go, let me just give you a taste of what we have here.
Well, for one thing, we have a fine collection of twentieth and twenty-first century paintings, many by very well-known artists. I’m sure you’ll recognise several of the paintings. This is the gallery that attracts the largest number of visitors (Q11), so it’s best to go in early in the day, before the crowds arrive.
The there are the nineteenth-century paintings. The museum was opened in the middle of that century, and several of the artists each donated one work (Q12) – to get the museum started, as it were. So they’re of special interest to us – we feel closer to them than to other works.
The sculpture gallery has a number of fine exhibits, but I’m afraid it’s currently closed for refurbishment. You’ll need to come back next year to see it properly, but a number of the sculptures have been moved to other parts of the museum. (Q13)
‘Around the world’ is a temporary exhibition – you’ve probably seen something about it on TV or in the newspapers (Q14). It’s created a great deal of interest, because it presents objects from every continent and many countries, and provides information about their social context – why they were made, who for, and so on.
Then there’s the collection of coins. This is what you might call a focused, specialist collection, because all the coins come from this country, and were produced between two thousand and a thousand years ago. And many of them were discovered by ordinary people digging their gardens and donated to the museum! (Q15)
All our porcelain and glass we left to the museum by its founder (Q16), when he died in 1878. And in the terms of his will, we’re not allowed to add anything to that collection: he believed it was perfect in itself, and we don’t see any reason to disagree!
——————–
OK, that was something about the collections, and now here’s some more practical information, in case you need it. Most of the museum facilities are downstairs, in the basement, so you go down the stairs here. When you reach the bottom of the stairs, you’ll find yourself in a sitting area, with comfortable chairs and sofas where you can have a rest before continuing your exploration of the museum.
We have a very good restaurant, which serves excellent food all day, in a relaxing atmosphere. To reach it, when you get to the bottom of the stairs, go straight ahead to the far side of the sitting area, then turn right into the corridor. You’ll see the door on the restaurant facing you (Q17).
If you just want a snack, or if you’d like to eat somewhere with facilities for children, we also have a café. When you reach the bottom of the stairs, you’ll need to go straight ahead, turn right into the corridor, and the café is immediately on the right. (Q18)
And talking about children, there are baby-changing facilities downstairs: cross the sitting area, continue straight ahead along the corridor on the left and you and your body will find the facilities on the left-hand side. (Q19)
The cloakroom where you should leave coats, umbrella and any large bags, is on the left hand side of the sitting area. It’s through the last door before you come to the corridor. (Q20)
There are toilets on every floor, but in the basement they’re the first rooms on the left when you get down there.
OK, now if you’ve got anything to leave in the cloakroom, please do that now, and then we’ll start our tour.
SUPERVISOR: Hi, Joanna, good to meet you. Now, before we discuss your new research project. I’d like to hear something about the psychology study you did last year for your Master’s degree. So how did you choose your subjects for that?
JOANNA: Well, I had six subjects, all professional musicians, and all female. There were violinists and there was also a cello player and a pianist and a flute player. They were all very highly regarded in the music world and they’d done quite extensive tours in different continents (Q21&Q22), and quite a few had won prizes and competitions as well.
SUPERVISOR: And they were quite young, weren’t they?
JOANNA: Yes, between 25 and 29 – the mean was 27.8. I wasn’t specifically look for artists who’d produced recordings, but this is something that’s just taken for granted these days, and they all had. (Q21&Q22)
SUPERVISOR: Right. Now you collected your data through telephone interviews, didn’t you?
JOANNA: Yes. I realised if I was going to interview leading musicians it’s only be possible over the phone because they’re so busy (Q23&Q24). I recorded them using a telephone recording adaptor. I’d been worried about the quality, but it worked out all right. I managed at least a 30-minute interview with each subject, sometimes longer.
SUPERVISOR: Did doing it on the phone make it more stressful?
JOANNA: I’d thought it might … it was all quite informal though and in fact they seemed very keen to talk. And I don’t think using the phone meant I got less rich data rather the opposite in fact. (Q23&Q24)
SUPERVISOR: Interesting. And you were looking at how performers dress for concert performances?
JOANNA: That’s right. My research investigated the way players see their role as a musician and how this is linked to the type of clothing they decide to wear. But that focus didn’t emerge immediately. When I started I was more interested in trying to investigate the impact of what was worn on those listening (Q25&Q26), and also whether someone like a violinist might adopt a different style of clothing from, say, someone playing the flute or the trumpet (Q25&Q26).
SUPERVISOR: It’s interesting that the choice of dress is up to the individual, isn’t it?
JOANNA: Yes, you’d expect there to be rules about it in orchestras, but that’s quite rare.
——————————
SUPERVISOR: You only had women performers in your study. Was that because male musicians are less worried about fashion?
JOANNA: I think a lot of the men are very much influenced by fashion, but in social terms the choices they have are more limited … they’d really upset audiences if they strayed away from quite narrow boundaries. (Q27)
SUPERVISOR: Hmm. Now, popular music has quite different expectations. Did you read Mike Frost’s article about the dress of women performers in popular music?
JOANNA: No.
SUPERVISOR: He points out that a lot of female singers and musicians in popular music tend to dress down in performances, and wear less feminine clothes, like jeans instead of skirts, and he suggests this is because otherwise they’d just be discounted as trivial. (Q28)
JOANNA: But you could argue they’re just wearing what’s practical … I mean, a pop-music concert is usually a pretty energetic affair.
SUPERVISOR: Yes, he doesn’t make that point, but I think you’re probably right. I was interested by the effect of the audience at a musical performance when it came to the choice of dress.
JOANNA: The subjects I interviewed felt this was really important. It’s all to do with what we understand by performance as a public event. They believed the audience had certain expectations and it was up to them as performers to fulfil these expectations to show a kind of esteem … (Q29)
SUPERVISOR: … they weren’t afraid of looking as if they’d made an effort to look good.
JOANNA: Mmm. I think in the past the audience would have had those expectation of one another too, but that’s not really the case now, not in the UK anyway.
SUPERVISOR: No.
JOANNA: And I also got interested in what sports scientists are doing too, with regard to clothing.
SUPERVISOR: Musicians are quite vulnerable physically, aren’t they, because the movements they carry out are very intensive and repetitive, so I’d imagine some features of sports clothing could safeguard the players from the potentially dangerous effects of this sort of thing. (Q30)
JOANNA: Yes, but musicians don’t really consider it. They avoid clothing that obviously restricts their movements, but that’s as far as they go.
SUPERVISOR: Anyway, coming back to your own research, do you have any idea where you’re going from here?
JOANNA: I was thinking of doing a study using an audience, including ..
As we saw in the last lecture, a major cause of climate change is the rapid rise in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the last century. If we could reduce the amount of CO2, perhaps the rate of climate change could also be slowed down. One potential method involves enhancing the role of the soil that plants grow in, with regard to absorbing CO2. Rattan Lal, a soil scientist from Ohio Stage University, in the USA, claims that the world’s agricultural soils could potentially absorb 13 per cent of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere – the equivalent of the amount released in the last 3o years. And research is going on into how this might be achieved.
Lal first came to the idea that soil might be valuable in this way not through an interest in climate change, but rather out of concern for the land itself and the people dependent on it. Carbon-rich soil is dark, crumbly and fertile, and retains some water. But erosion can occur if soil is dry (Q31), which is a likely effect if it contains inadequate amounts of carbon. Erosion is of course bad for people trying to grow crops or breed animals on that terrain. In the 1970s and ‘80s, Lal was studying soils in Africa so devoid of organic matter that the ground had become extremely hard (Q32), like cement. There he met a pioneer in the study of global warming, who suggested that carbon from the soil had moved into the atmosphere. This is now looking increasingly likely.
Let me explain. For millions of years, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have been regulated, in part, by a natural partnership between plants and microbes – tiny organisms in the soil. Plants absorb CO2 from the air and transform it into sugars and other carbon-based substance (Q33). While a proportion of these carbon products remain in the plant, some transfer from the roots to fungi and soil microbes (Q34), which store the carbon in the soil.
The invention of agriculture some 10,000 years ago disrupted these ancient soil-building processes and led to the loss of carbon from the soil. When humans started draining the natural topsoil, and ploughing it up for planting, they exposed the buried carbon to oxygen. This created carbon dioxide and released it into the air. And in some places, grazing by domesticated animals has removed all vegetation, releasing carbon into the air. Tons of carbon have been stripped from the world’s soils – where it’s needed – and pumped into the atmosphere.
So what can be done? Researchers are now coming up with evidence that even modest changes to farming can significantly help to reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere.
Some growers have already started using an approach known as regenerative agriculture. This aims to boost the fertility of soil and keep it moist through established practices (Q35). These include keeping fields planted all year round, and increasing the variety of plants being grown (Q36). Strategies like these can significantly increase the amount of carbon stored in the soil, so agricultural researchers are now building a case for their use in combating climate change.
One American investigation into the potential for storing CO2 on agricultural lands is taking place in California. Soil scientist Whendee Silver of the University of California, Berkeley, is conducting a first-of-its-kind study on a large cattle farm in the state (Q37). She and her students are testing the effects on carbon storage of the compost that is created from waste – both agricultural, including manure and cornstalks, and waste produced in gardens (Q38), such as leaves, branches, and lawn trimmings.
In Australia, soil ecologist Christine Jones is testing another promising soil-enrichment strategy. Jones and 12 farmers are working to build up soil carbon by cultivating grasses that stay green all year round (Q39). Like composting, the approach has already been proved experimentally; Jones now hopes to show that it can be applied on working farms and that the resulting carbon capture can be accurately measured.
It’s hoped in the future that projects such as these will demonstrate the role that farmers and other land managers can play in reducing the harmful effects of greenhouse gases. For example, in countries like the United States, where most farming operations use large applications of fertiliser, changing such long-standing habits will require a change of system. Rattan Lal argues that farmers should receive payment not just for the corn or beef they produce but also for the carbon they can store in their soil. (Q40)
Another study being carried out …
This post was last modified on 29 March 2024 11:39
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Folgende Tabelle gibt einen Überblick über TESTOGEL 25mg/ -50mg, Gel im Beutel sowie weitere Medikamente
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Trotz seiner Neuheit ist es aufgrund seiner
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Vitamin D ist ein Vitalstoff, der an vielen äusserst wichtigen Körperprozessen beteiligt ist.
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Meine Energie stieg, die Stimmung verbesserte sich deutlich, und dieses unaufhörliche Gefühl der Müdigkeit?
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Im ersten Schritt entsteht durch oxidative Spaltung der Seitenkette des Cholesterins in den Mitochondrien Pregnenolon.
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produzieren. Dieser Zustand und einhergehende definierte Symptome werden in der Medizin als Hypogonadismus bezeichnet.
Auch Bisphenol-A (BPA) führt zu einer Verringerung des Testosteronspiegels.
BPA ist der Ausgangsstoff bei der Synthese polymerer Kunststoffe.
Beschichtungen von Konservendosen, Lacke, Farben und Klebstoffe können BPA enthalten.
Kommen dann auch die natürlichen Methoden zur Testosteronsteigerung an ihre
Grenzen, muss der Testosteronmangel medikamentös angegangen werden. Nahrungsergänzungsmittel mit Testosteron unterstützen de Hormonhaushalt.
Für den Hormonhaushalt gibt es unterstützend eine Vielzahl von nicht
verschreibungspflichtigen Testosteron-Präparaten.
Testosteronhaltige Nahrungsergänzungsmittel werden vielfach in Form von Kapseln oder
Pulver angeboten. Sportler, Männer und Frauen nutzen eine Vielzahl verschiedener Mittel.
Es ist essentiell für Entwicklung der primären und sekundären männlichen Geschlechtsmerkmale.
Darüber hinaus stimuliert es die Talgdrüsen der
Haut, induziert die Absonderung von Lockduften (Pheromonen) und
besitzt einen Einfluss auf die Libido und die Potenz.
Erhöhtes Testosteron kann Akne verstärken und zu Haarausfall führen. Müdigkeit, Antriebslosigkeit,
Libidoverlust und Erektionsstörungen – ein Testosteronmangel
ist belastend und kann sich auf viele verschiedene Arten zeigen. "Man kriegt die PS nicht mehr auf die Straße",
verbildlicht Dr. Cremers, "Dinge, die einem zuvor leichter gefallen sind, werden schwer und erschöpfend".
Testosteron-Präparate bei der Hormonersatztherapie gelten insgesamt
als sehr sicher, wobei es in Einzelfällen trotzdem zu Nebenwirkungen kommen kann.
Das Risiko sowie die Verabreichungsform sollte zwischen Arzt und
Patient ausführlich besprochen werden. Etwa schon bestehende Tumoren in der Vorsteherdrüse werden durch Testosteronpräparate gefördert
und eine mögliche Vorbelastung sollte man deshalb
zuvor beim Urologen abklären lassen. Häufiger treten überdies Nebenwirkungen auf, wenn Männer mit stärker ausgeprägtem Hypogonadismus eine Testosteronersatztherapie durchführen. Auch für Männer mit
Übergewicht besteht ansonsten ein höheres Risiko für Nebenwirkungen. Bei Verdacht auf Testosteronmangel empfehlen Experten, sich vom Arzt gründlich untersuchen und beraten zu lassen.
The influence of TRT on weight acquire is
considerably influenced by lifestyle components.
Regular physical exercise, significantly strength coaching, can maximize muscle development
while minimizing fats gain. A balanced food regimen that helps muscle progress and fats loss
can be crucial in figuring out how TRT impacts physique weight.
T therapy produced sustained WL with out recidivism.35, 36, 38 It is possible that T remedy in obese males with TD might show useful in treatment of the underlying patho-physiological
circumstances of obesity. In this report, we summarize our
findings on long-term T remedy in males with TD with various courses of obesity.
It can help enhance muscle mass and vitality, but girls nonetheless must comply with
a nutritious diet and exercise often to see important modifications of their weight.
Nonetheless, girls also have testosterone, and it performs an essential position in their well being.
While men produce more testosterone than girls, this hormone nonetheless impacts women’s muscle
tissue, bones, temper, and weight. When women have low testosterone ranges, they could experience weight
acquire, fatigue, and mood adjustments. Testosterone therapy can be used to treat these symptoms in women, but it works
differently than in males. TRT helps reduce body fat by rising
muscle mass and rushing up metabolism.
Different analysis has found that men on TRT often expertise a discount
in waist measurement, which is a vital measure of fats loss.
Stomach fats is linked to serious well being
issues like heart disease and diabetes. By lowering fats on this space, TRT may help decrease the danger of those situations.
This cycle is why many men with low testosterone find it tough to break free from the sample of gaining
weight.
Earlier Than starting testosterone therapy, it's crucial
for patients to endure an intensive medical evaluation. This helps be sure that testosterone remedy is acceptable for
his or her specific wants and that they don't have any underlying situations
that could make TRT unsafe. Components such as existing health circumstances, current medicines,
and way of life ought to all natural steroid
Alternative, jobsremote.work, be thought of
before beginning therapy.
It Is necessary to have realistic expectations
concerning the results of testosterone remedy in phrases of weight reduction. While TRT
might help a person lose fat, notably within the belly area, it is unlikely to result
in dramatic weight loss unless paired with other interventions.
Most consultants recommend viewing testosterone therapy as a supportive tool,
rather than a main weight reduction technique.
For more insights into weight management and hormonal well being, explore our
complete guide on hormone stability and efficient weight reduction strategies.
The goal of the remedy is to restore a woman’s testosterone to a healthy level, not to the excessive ranges present in men. Some individuals might expertise water retention within the early phases of TRT, which might temporarily masks any weight reduction. Pulmonary embolism is
when a blood clot blocks one of the arteries in the lungs, which
may make it difficult to breathe and will even be life-threatening.
As A Outcome Of of this threat, doctors will typically examine
blood thickness (or hematocrit levels) in patients on TRT.
When looking at testosterone's function in weight achieve
and obesity, it is a query of the hen or the egg. It additionally aids
within the production of sperm and the upkeep of a healthy sex drive.
In truth, if check levels are inadequate, the male reproductive system is not going to work
properly. Engaging in actions that you get pleasure from
and can stick with also helps with stress-related weight gain.
When beginning testosterone alternative therapy (TRT) to address low testosterone,
many individuals surprise how rapidly they will see weight
loss results. It’s necessary to know that the timeline for weight
loss varies for each individual. Elements like individual metabolism,
the dosage of testosterone, way of life habits, and
total health all play a role in how briskly somebody can shed weight
with TRT. One of probably the most noticeable signs of Low T
is a rise in body fat, especially around the stomach.
When testosterone ranges are low, fats tends to accumulate
in areas like the abdomen. This type of fat, usually known as
visceral fats, is greater than just a beauty problem.
It surrounds important organs and may enhance the risk
of serious well being problems, corresponding to heart illness and diabetes.