Cambridge 15 Reading Test 4 Answer Keys
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
The return of the huarango
The arid valleys of southern Peru are welcoming the return of a native plant
The south coast of Peru is a narrow, 2,000-kilometre-long strip of desert squeezed between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean. It is also one of the most fragile ecosystems on Earth. It hardly ever rains there, and the only year-round source of water is located tens of metres below the surface. This is why the huarango tree is so suited to life there: it has the longest roots of any tree in the world. They stretch down 50-80 metres and, as well as sucking up water for the tree (Q1), they bring it into the higher subsoil, creating a water source for other plant life.
Dr David Beresford-Jones, archaeobotanist at Cambridge University, has been studying the role of the huarango tree in landscape change in the Lower Ica Valley in southern Peru. He believes the huarango was key to the ancient people’s diet (Q2) and, because it could reach deep water sources, it allowed local people to withstand years of drought when their other crops failed (Q3). But over the centuries huarango trees were gradually replaced with crops. Cutting down native woodland leads to erosion, as there is nothing to keep the soil in place (Q4). So when the huarangos go, the land turns into a desert. Nothing grows at all in the Lower Ica Valley now.
For centuries the huarango tree was vital to the people of the neighbouring Middle Ica Valley too. They grew vegetables under it and ate products made from its seed pods. Its leaves and bark were used for herbal remedies, while its branches were used for charcoal for cooking and heating, and its trunk was used to build houses (Q6 Q7 Q8). But now it is disappearing rapidly. The majority of the huarango forests in the valley have already been cleared for fuel and agriculture – initially, these were smallholdings, but now they’re huge farms producing crops for the international market.
‘Of the forests that were here 1,000 years ago, 99 per cent have already gone,’ says botanist Oliver Whaley from Kew Gardens in London, who, together with ethnobotanist Dr William Milliken, is running a pioneering project to protect and restore the rapidly disappearing habitat. In order to succeed, Whaley needs to get the local people on board, and that has meant overcoming local prejudices. ‘Increasingly aspirational communities think that if you plant food trees in your home or street, it shows you are poor, and still need to grow your own food,’ he says. In order to stop the Middle Ica Valley going the same way as the Lower Ica Valley, Whaley is encouraging locals to love the huarangos again. ‘It’s a process of cultural resuscitation,’ he says. He has already set up a huarango festival to reinstate a sense of pride in their eco-heritage, and has helped local schoolchildren plant thousands of trees.
‘In order to get people interested in habitat restoration, you need to plant a tree that is useful to them,’ says Whaley. So, he has been working with local families to attempt to create a sustainable income from the huarangos by turning their products into foodstuffs. ‘Boil up the beans and you get this thick brown syrup like molasses. You can also use it in drinks, soups or stews.’ The pods can be ground into flour to make cakes, and the seeds roasted into a sweet, chocolatey ‘coffee’. ‘It’s packed full of vitamins and minerals,’ Whaley says.
And some farmers are already planting huarangos. Alberto Benevides, owner of Ica Valley’s only certified organic farm, which Whaley helped set up, has been planting the tree for 13 years. He produces syrup and flour, and sells these products at an organic farmers’ market in Lima. His farm is relatively small and doesn’t yet provide him with enough to live on, but he hopes this will change. ‘The organic market is growing rapidly in Peru,’ Benevides says. ‘I am investing in the future.’ (Q10)
But even if Whaley can convince the local people to fall in love with the huarango again, there is still the threat of the larger farms. Some of these cut across the forests and break up the corridors that allow the essential movement of mammals, birds and pollen up and down the narrow forest strip. In the hope of counteracting this, he’s persuading farmers to let him plant forest corridors on their land. He believes the extra woodland will also benefit the farms by reducing their water usage through a lowering of evaporation and providing a refuge for bio-control insects (Q11).
‘If we can record biodiversity and see how it all works, then we’re in a good position to move on from there. Desert habitats can reduce down to very little,’ Whaley explains. ‘It’s not like a rainforest that needs to have this huge expanse (Q12). Life has always been confined to corridors and islands here. If you just have a few trees left, the population can grow up quickly because it’s used to exploiting water when it arrives.’ He sees his project as a model that has the potential to be rolled out across other arid areas around the world. ‘If we can do it here, in the most fragile system on Earth, then that’s a real message of hope for lots of places, including Africa, where there is drought and they just can’t afford to wait for rain.’ (Q13)
Questions 1-5
The importance of the huarango tree
– its roots can extend as far as 80 metres into the soil
– can access 1…water… deep below the surface
– was a crucial part of local inhabitants’ 2…diet… a long time ago
– helped people to survive periods of 3…drought…
– prevents 4…erosion… of the soil
– prevents land from becoming a 5…desert…
Questions 6-8
Traditional uses of the huarango tree | |
Part of tree | Traditional use |
6…branches… | Fuel |
7…leaves… and …bark… | Medicine |
8…trunk… | construction |
Questions 9-13
9 Local families have told Whaley about some traditional uses of huarango products. NOT GIVEN
10 Farmer Alberto Benevides is now making a good profit from growing huarangos. FALSE
11 Whaley needs the co-operation of farmers to help preserve the area’s wildlife. TRUE
12 For Whaley’s project to succeed, it needs to be extended over a very large area. FALSE
13 Whaley has plans to go to Africa to set up a similar project. NOT GIVEN
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
Silbo Gomero – the whistle ‘language’ of the Canary Islands
La Gomera is one of the Canary Islands situated in the Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of Africa. This small volcanic island is mountainous, with steep rocky slopes and deep, wooded ravines, rising to 1,487 metres at its highest peak (Q14). It is also home to the best known of the world’s whistle ‘languages’, a means of transmitting information over long distances which is perfectly adapted to the extreme terrain of the island.
This ‘language’, known as ‘Silbo’ or ‘Silbo Gomero’ – from the Spanish word for ‘whistle’ – is now shedding light on the language-processing abilities of the human brain, according to scientists. Researchers say that Silbo activates parts of the brain normally associated with spoken language, suggesting that the brain is remarkably flexible in its ability to interpret sounds as language.
‘Science has developed the idea of brain areas that are dedicated to language, and we are starting to understand the scope of signals that can be recognised as language,’ says David Corina, co-author of a recent study and associate professor of psychology at the University of Washington in Seattle.
Silbo is a substitute for Spanish, with individual words recoded into whistles which have high- and low-frequency tones (Q20). A whistler – or silbador – puts a finger in his or her mouth to increase the whistle’s pitch (Q21), while the other hand can be cupped to adjust the direction of the sound (Q22). ‘There is much more ambiguity in the whistled signal than in the spoken signal,’ explains lead researcher Manuel Carreiras, psychology professor at the University of La Laguna on the Canary island of Tenerife. Because whistled ‘words’ can be hard to distinguish, silbadores rely on repetition, as well as awareness of context, to make themselves understood.
The silbadores of Gomera are traditionally shepherds and other isolated mountain folk, and their novel means of staying in touch allows them to communicate over distances of up to 10 kilometres. Carreiras explains that silbadores are able to pass a surprising amount of information via their whistles. ‘In daily life they use whistles to communicate short commands (Q23), but any Spanish sentence could be whistled. (Q15)’ Silbo has proved particularly useful when fires have occurred on the island and rapid communication across large areas has been vital (Q24).
The study team used neuroimaging equipment to contrast the brain activity of silbadores while listening to whistled and spoken Spanish. Results showed the left temporal lobe of the brain, which is usually associated with spoken language, was engaged during the processing of Silbo. The researchers found that other key regions in the brain’s frontal lobe also responded to the whistles, including those activated in response to sign language among deaf people. When the experiments were repeated with non-whistlers, however, activation was observed in all areas of the brain (Q16).
‘Our results provide more evidence about the flexibility of human capacity for language in a variety of forms,’ Corina says. ‘These data suggest that left-hemisphere language regions are uniquely adapted for communicative purposes, independent of the modality of signal. The non-Silbo speakers were not recognising Silbo as a language. They had nothing to grab onto, so multiple areas of their brains were activated.’
Carreiras says the origins of Silbo Gomero remain obscure, but that indigenous Canary Islanders, who were of North African origin, already had a whistled language when Spain conquered the volcanic islands in the 15th century (Q17). Whistled languages survive today in Papua New Guinea, Mexico, Vietnam, Guyana, China, Nepal, Senegal, and a few mountainous pockets in southern Europe. There are thought to be as many as 70 whistled languages still in use, though only 12 have been described and studied scientifically (Q18). This form of communication is an adaptation found among cultures where people are often isolated from each other, according to Julien Meyer, a researcher at the Institute of Human Sciences in Lyon, France. ‘They are mostly used in mountains or dense forests,’ he says. ‘Whistled languages are quite clearly defined and represent an original adaptation of the spoken language for the needs of isolated human groups.’
But with modern communication technology now widely available, researchers say whistled languages like Silbo are threatened with extinction (Q25). With dwindling numbers of Gomera islanders still fluent in the language, Canaries’ authorities are taking steps to try to ensure its survival. Since 1999, Silbo Gomero has been taught in all of the island’s elementary schools (Q19). In addition, locals are seeking assistance from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). ‘The local authorities are trying to get an award from the organisation (Q26) to declare [Silbo Gomero] as something that should be preserved for humanity,’ Carreiras adds.
Questions 14-19
14 La Gomera is the most mountainous of all the Canary Islands. NOT GIVEN
15 Silbo is only appropriate for short and simple messages. FALSE
16 In the brain-activity study, silbadores and non-whistlers produced different results. TRUE
17 The Spanish introduced Silbo to the islands in the 15th century. FALSE
18 There is precise data available regarding all of the whistle languages in existence today. FALSE
19 The children of Gomera now learn Silbo. TRUE
Questions 18-22
Silbo Gomero
How Silbo is produced
- high- and low-frequency tones represent different sounds in Spanish 20…words…
- pitch of whistle is controlled using silbador’s 21…finger…
- 22…direction… is changed with a cupped hand
How Silbo is used
- has long been used by shepherds and people living in secluded locations
- in everyday use for the transmission of brief 23…commands…
- can relay essential information quickly, e.g. to inform people about 24…fires…
The future of Silbo
- future under threat because of new 25…technology…
- Canaries’ authorities hoping to receive a UNESCO 26…award… to help preserve it
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
Environmental practices of big businesses
The environmental practices of big businesses are shaped by a fundamental fact that for many of us offend our sense of justice. Depending on the circumstances, a business may maximize the amount of money it makes, at least in the short term, by damaging the environment and hurting people (Q27). That is still the case today for fishermen in an unmanaged fishery without quotas, and for international logging companies with short-term leases on tropical rainforest land in places (Q30 Q31) with corrupt officials and unsophisticated landowners. When government regulation is effective, and when the public is environmentally aware, environmentally clean big businesses may out-compete dirty ones, but the reverse is likely to be true if government regulation is ineffective and if the public doesn’t care (Q28 Q29).
It is easy for the rest of us to blame a business for helping itself by hurting other people. But blaming alone is unlikely to produce change. It ignores the fact that businesses are not charities but profit-making companies, and that publicly owned companies with shareholders are under obligation to those shareholders to maximize profits, provided that they do so by legal means. US laws make a company’s directors legally liable for something termed ‘breach of fiduciary responsibility’ if they knowingly manage a company in a way that reduces profits. The car manufacturer Henry Ford was in fact successfully sued by shareholders in 1919 for raising the minimum wage of his workers to $5 per day: the courts declared that, while Ford’s humanitarian sentiments about his employees were nice, his business existed to make profits for its stockholders.
Our blaming of businesses also ignores the ultimate responsibility of the public for creating the condition that let a business profit through destructive environmental policies. In the long run, it is the public, either directly or through its politicians, that has the power to make such destructive policies unprofitable and illegal, and to make sustainable environmental policies profitable (Q32).
The public can do that by suing businesses for harming them, as happened after the Exxon Valdez disaster, in which over 40,000m3 of oil were spilled off the coast of Alaska. The public may also make their opinion felt by preferring to buy sustainably harvested products; by making employees of companies with poor track records feel ashamed of their company and complain to their own management; by preferring their governments to award valuable contracts to businesses with a good environmental track record; and by pressing their governments to pass and enforce laws and regulations requiring good environmental practices (Q33).
In turn, big businesses can expert powerful pressure on any suppliers that might ignore public or government pressure. For instance, after the US public became concerned about the spread of a disease known as BSE, which was transmitted to humans through infected meat, the US government’s Food and Drug Administration introduced rules demanding that the meat industry abandon practices associated with the risk of the disease spreading. But for five years the meat packers refused to follow these, claiming that they would be too expensive to obey. However, when a major fast-food company then made the same demands after customer purchases of its hamburgers plummeted, the meat industry complied within weeks. The public’s task is therefore to identify which links in the supply chain are sensitive to public pressure: for instance, fast-food chains or jewelry stores, but not meat packers or gold miners (Q34).
Some readers may be disappointed or outraged that I place the ultimate responsibility for business practices harming the public on the public itself. I also believe that the public must accept the necessity for higher prices for products to cover the added costs, if any, of sound environmental practices (Q35). My views may seem to ignore the belief that businesses should act in accordance with moral principles even if this leads to a reduction in their profits. But I think we have to recognize that, throughout human history, in all politically complex human societies, government regulation has arisen precisely because it was found that not only did moral principles need to be made explicit, they also needed to be enforced (Q36).
To me, the conclusion that the public has the ultimate responsibility for the behavior of even the biggest businesses is empowering and hopeful, rather than disappointing. My conclusion is not a moralistic one about who is right or wrong, admirable or selfish, a good guy or a bad guy (Q37). In the past, businesses have changed when the public came to expect and require different behavior (Q38), to reward businesses for behavior that the public wanted, and to make things difficult for businesses practicing behaviors that the public didn’t want. I predict that in the future, just as in the past, changes in public attitudes will be essential for changes in businesses’ environmental practices.
Questions 27-31
Big businesses
Many big businesses today are prepared to harm people and the environment in order to make money, and they appear to have no 27…moral standards… . Lack of 28…control… by governments and lack of public 29…involvement… can lead to environmental problems such as 30…overfishing… or the destruction of 31…trees…
Question 32-34
32 The main idea of the third paragraph is that environmental damage
C could be prevented by the action of ordinary people.
33 In the fourth paragraph, the writer describes ways in which the public can
D influence the environmental policies of businesses and governments.
34 What pressure was exerted by big business in the case of the disease BSE?
B A fast-food company forced their meat suppliers to follow the law.
Questions 35-39
35 The public should be prepared to fund good environmental practices. YES
36 There is a contrast between the moral principles of different businesses. NOT GIVEN
37 It is important to make a clear distinction between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. NO
38 The public have successfully influenced businesses in the past. YES
39 In the future, businesses will show more concern for the environment. NOT GIVEN
Question 40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.
40 What would be the best subheading for this passage?
D Are big businesses to blame for the damage they cause the environment?
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Die „Wechseljahre des Mannes” beschreiben, dass sich auch beim Mann im Alter der Hormonspiegel langsam durch den Abfall der Testosteronspiegel verändert. Einen rapiden Hormonabfall wie bei den Wechseljahren der Frau gibt es allerdings nicht. Auch nicht jeder Mann im Alter leidet unter zu niedrigen Testosteronwerten. Dieser Effekt ist auf die toxische Wirkung des Ethanols auf die Zellen in den Hoden zurückzuführen, die das männliche Geschlechtshormon produzieren. Es scheint also einen Zusammenhang zwischen Vitamin D und dem Testosteronspiegel zu geben.
Mit zunehmendem Alter kann der Testosteronspiegel bei Männern allmählich sinken. Dieser natürliche Rückgang beginnt etwa im mittleren Alter und kann zu Symptomen der Andropause führen, ähnlich der Menopause bei Frauen, wie z. Es ist jedoch wichtig zu bedenken, dass plötzliche, drastische Veränderungen des Testosteronspiegels Nebenwirkungen haben können. Holen Sie immer ärztlichen Rat ein, bevor Sie wesentliche Änderungen an Ihrem Lebensstil vornehmen oder mit der Einnahme von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln zur Steigerung des Testosteronspiegels beginnen. Dunkle Augenringe können Sie müde und älter aussehen lassen, als Sie sich fühlen, und werfen einen Schatten auf Ihre lebhafte Persönlichkeit. Ob sie nun durch schlaflose Nächte, genetische Faktoren oder den Stress des Alltags verursacht werden, sie sind ein weit verbreitetes Schönheitsproblem.
Normalerweise liegt ein Großteil des Hormons an Proteine gebunden vor und nur ein sehr kleiner Anteil des Testosterons findet sich frei im Blut. Freies testosteron depot anwendung (https://www.cvhub.lk/companies/testosteron-bestimmen-lassen/) kommt auch im Speichel vor
und kann daher anhand einer Speichelprobe gemessen werden. Je nach Tageszeit können sich die Werte um bis
zu 20 Prozent unterscheiden. Auch Alter und Geschlecht haben einen großen Einfluss auf den Testosteronspiegel.
Darüber hinaus fördert es sekundäre Geschlechtsmerkmale wie eine erhöhte Muskel- und Knochenmasse sowie das
Wachstum von Körperbehaarung. Es ist jedoch erwähnenswert, dass Testosteron nicht nur ein männliches Hormon ist.
Es wird, wenn auch in geringeren Mengen, auch in den Eierstöcken und
Nebennieren von Frauen produziert und spielt auch eine wichtige Rolle für die Gesundheit von Frauen.
Männer, die sich überwiegend mit verarbeiteten Lebensmittel ernähren, können eine
verminderte Hodenfunktion und demzufolge auch einen niedrigeren Testosteronspiegel aufweisen.
In einer aktuellen Studie hat man beobachtet, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer verminderten Hodenfunktion bei
Männern, die mehr Brot und Gebäck, Desserts,
Milchprodukte und Mahlzeiten außer Haus aßen, höher war.
Dagegen hatten Männer, die mehr hausgemachte Mahlzeiten und dunkelgrünes
Gemüse aßen, eher eine normale Hodenfunktion. Eine optimale Testosteronproduktion kann dadurch gefördert
werden, dass man auf eine gute Schlafhygiene achtet, einen gleichmäßigen Schlafrhythmus einhält, eine
angenehme Schlafumgebung schafft und Entspannungstechniken anwendet.
Ein zu niedriger Testosteronspiegel kann sich auf viele Bereiche des Lebens eines Mannes auswirken.
Oftmals klagen die Betroffenen beispielsweise über
Müdigkeit, eine verminderte Libido, erektile Dysfunktion, Muskelschwund sowie Stimmungsprobleme wie etwa Niedergeschlagenheit oder Reizbarkeit.
Auch die kognitiven Funktionen und die Stimmung stehen im Zusammenhang mit
dem Testosteronspiegel.
Ebenso ist körperliche Aktivität, insbesondere Krafttraining,
bekannt dafür, das natürliche Testosteron zu erhöhen.
Durch regelmäßiges Training wird nicht nur der Muskelaufbau gefördert,
sondern auch das allgemeine Wohlbefinden gesteigert (Riachy et al., 2020).
Eine medikamentöse Testosteronersatztherapie ist zwar eine gängige Behandlung des Hypogonadismus, doch für manche Männer können auch alternative Methoden ausreichen, um den Testosteronmangel natürlich zu beheben. Dazu
gehören Änderungen der Lebensweise, wie eine gesunde Ernährung,
regelmäßige Bewegung, Stressabbau und ausreichend Schlaf.
Bestimmte natürliche Nahrungsergänzungsmittel, darunter Vitamin D und Zink, können ebenfalls zur Erhöhung des natürlichen Testosterons beitragen. Es ist wichtig, mit einem Arzt zu sprechen,
bevor Sie Naturheilmittel ausprobieren, da einige von ihnen unerwünschte Wirkungen haben oder mit anderen Medikamenten in Konflikt geraten können.
Sowohl ein hoher als auch ein niedriger Testosteronspiegel können sich jedoch potenziell auf die
Herzgesundheit auswirken, daher ist ein Gleichgewicht von entscheidender Bedeutung.
Testosteron ist das primäre männliche Sexualhormon, das für die Entwicklung
männlicher Geschlechtsmerkmale verantwortlich ist.
Es wird hauptsächlich in den Hoden produziert und
spielt auch eine wichtige Rolle bei der Regulierung der
Muskelmasse, der Knochendichte und der Fettverteilung. Wenn du deinen Testosteronspiegel auf natürliche Weise erhöhen möchtest, gibt es verschiedene Hausmittel,
die du schon heute direkt ausprobieren kannst. Einfach in deinen Alltag
zu integrieren und können dir dabei helfen, deinen Testosteronspiegel
natürlich zu steigern. Langfristige oder übermäßige Nutzung bestimmter Schmerzmittel und nichtsteroidaler Entzündungshemmer (NSAIDs) wie Ibuprofen kann den Testosteronspiegel beeinflussen.
Regelmäßige ärztliche Untersuchungen sind ein unverzichtbarer Bestandteil der Überwachung und Aufrechterhaltung eines gesunden Hormonhaushalts.
Sie sind besonders kritisch, wenn Du eine Testosteronersatztherapie (TRT) durchführst.
Bei diesen Untersuchungen werden nicht nur deine Testosteronwerte
kontrolliert, sondern auch andere wichtige Parameter, die für die
Beurteilung deiner allgemeinen hormonellen Gesundheit entscheidend sind.
Bestimmte Mikronährstoffe spielen eine zentrale Rolle in der endokrinen Regulation, insbesondere bei der Synthese und Sekretion von Testosteron. Dazu gehören Spurenelemente wie Zink und Magnesium (s.
oben), aber auch Vitamine wie Vitamin D. Dieses beispielsweise ist für die Modulation der Testosteronproduktion von Bedeutung.
Niedrige Vitamin-D-Spiegel wurden mit reduzierten Testosteronkonzentrationen im Blut in Verbindung gebracht (Nimptsch et al., 2012).
Bei einem diagnostizierten Mangel, einen positiven Effekt auf die natürliche Testosteronproduktion haben.
Dafür übernimmt bei einem vorhandenen Testosteronmangel meist die Krankenkasse die Kosten.
Die Erhöhung der Testosteronwerte geht meist mit einem stärkeren Muskelaufbau
und einem beschleunigten Bartwuchs einher. Selbst als
ich mit Mitte 20 für quick 2 Jahre an einem Testosteronmangel litt,
hat mir mein Arzt von Hormonen abgeraten. Testosteron-Gel
kann zahlreiche Nebenwirkungen verursachen. Im Vergleich zu den Alternativen sind diese jedoch deutlich geringer.
Ein Blick auf den Beipackzettel zeigt, dass in Summe ganze 73 mögliche Nebenwirkungen aufgelistet werden. [18] Das heißt allerdings nicht, dass es zu keinen Nebenwirkungen führt.
Die Antwort darauf ist so individuell wie dein Fingerabdruck.
Einige bemerken bereits nach wenigen Wochen eine Verbesserung ihrer Vitalität
und ihres allgemeinen Wohlbefindens, während bei anderen die sichtbaren Veränderungen etwas mehr
Zeit benötigen. Ihre Erfahrung deckt sich mit den Informationen aus diesem Artikel,
wo erwähnt wird, dass einige Effekte schon nach 3 Wochen spürbar sein können.
Die Creme muss und sollte dafür aber nicht auf die Backen aufgetragen werden. erhöht vitamin c Testosteron-Gel selbst besteht größtenteils aus
Alkohol, Wasser und Testosteron. Die Wirkung geht also fast ausschließlich auf das männliche Sexualhormon zurück.
Es ist wichtig, die Anweisungen des Arztes genau zu befolgen,
um die bestmöglichen Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Wir hoffen, dass dieser Überblick Ihnen bei der Anwendung des Testogels geholfen hat und wünschen Ihnen viel Erfolg auf Ihrem Weg zu
mehr Vitalität und Wohlbefinden. Es ist wichtig, die Dosierungsempfehlungen des Arztes
genau zu befolgen und nicht mehr Gel aufzutragen als empfohlen. Eine Überdosierung von Testogel
kann zu unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen führen, wie z.B.
Weiterhin ist Testosteron am Aufbau und Erhalt der Knochendichte beteiligt.
Mehr als 5000 Euro würde eine “Kur”, wie es im Fachjargon heißt, kosten.
“Ich schlucke und spritze Testosteron. In der Vorbereitung nehme ich Enathat, vor einem Wettkampf Propionat”,
sagt er stolz. Tobias ist der Gründer von Brainperform.de und ein langjähriger
Biohacker, Ketorianer und Selbstoptimierer. Er hat schon immer darauf
geachtet, seine Ernährung und seinen Schlaf zu verbessern. Seine Artikel sind durch wissenschaftliche Studien untermauert.
Er ist bekannt für seine Bücher “Keto Start” und “Keto Küche”.
Zu den häufigsten Nebenwirkungen gehören öligere Haut und Akne.
Es ist wichtig, mit Ihrem Arzt zu sprechen, falls
Sie Nebenwirkungen bemerken, damit Ihre Behandlung entsprechend angepasst werden kann.
Geduld haben und mit meinem Arzt im engen Austausch bleiben.
Zum Aufziehen der Dosis, ziehe zunächst in etwa die Menge Luft in die Spritze, die
du an Testosteron aufziehen würdest. Testosteron ist ein Hormon, das
männlich machende (androgene) und muskelaufbauende (anabole) Wirkung hat.
Testosteron ist somit ein wesentlicher Muskelaufbau-Faktor.
Solange Dein Testosteronspiegel im Normalbereich liegt, macht das
Testosteronlevel für Muskelaufbau aber keinen Unterschied.
In diesem Kommentar sind rassistische, gewaltverherrlichende, beleidigende oder
verleumderische Äußerungen enthalten beziehungsweise es werden falsche Tatsachen behauptet?
Dann beschreiben Sie bitte in kurzer Form das Problem, die Redaktion wird diesen Kommentar genauer prüfen und gegebenenfalls löschen. Das
Serum-PSA steigt im ersten halben Jahr nach Therapiebeginn um
durchschnittlich zero,26 ng/ml und bleibt dann konstant.
Es ist wichtig zu beachten, dass die Testosterontherapie
keine endgültige Lösung ist und dass die Symptome zurückkehren können,
wenn die Behandlung abgesetzt wird. Daher ist es ratsam, regelmäßige Nachuntersuchungen durchzuführen und den Testosteronspiegel im Auge zu behalten, um sicherzustellen, dass der
Affected Person langfristig von der Therapie profitiert.
Männer, die eine Testosteronersatztherapie vom Arzt verschrieben bekommen, nehmen ca.
a hundred mg pro Woche um ihren Spiegel in den hoch-normalen Bereich zu bringen.
Neuere Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass die Nebenniere noch
viel stärkere männliche Sexualhormone bildet, sogenannte Super-Androgene.
Effekte auf depressive Stimmung wurden nach three – 6 Wochen erkennbar, mit einem Maximum nach 18 – 30 Wochen.
Veränderungen der Fettmasse, der fettfreien Körpermasse und
Muskelkraft traten innerhalb von 12 – sixteen Wochen auf, konstant nach 6 – 12 Monaten, können aber über
Jahre marginal fortbestehen. Nandrolon Decanoat ist als Steroid bekannt, das Dopingfahnder noch lange nach dem Absetzen im Körper feststellen können. Kurz gesagt eine Testosteron Kur steigert
zumindest äußerlich die Männlichkeit. Dies bedeutet
Männer werden mehr Muskeln aufbauen, die Behaarung wird wahrscheinlich dichter und die Veränderung wird oft sehr schnell sichtbar.
The influence of low testosterone extends past bodily health, influencing mental and emotional well-being.
Many people report feelings of inadequacy, decreased motivation, and relationship
challenges because of diminished libido. Addressing these issues through TRT can considerably enhance general life satisfaction and interpersonal relationships.
Some men report mood swings, irritability, or a brief mood, particularly within the initial weeks of therapy.
These shifts are sometimes an indication that the dosage may
have adjusting or that the physique continues to be stabilizing.
However you need to be careful that no one comes into contact with
the handled area for a number of hours after you have utilized it.
A nasal gel is now obtainable that eliminates the danger of exposure to others.
Tips from the Endocrine Society say you shouldn’t have TRT if
you have prostate most cancers or breast cancer. You’ll get entry to
a genetic-based report and evaluation, together with a personal session that
can put you on observe to your ultimate well being.
The finest place to begin if you’d like a hormonal optimization or
peptide program is by seeing a doctor first.
Have a doctor draw your blood and evaluate whether
or not you’re a candidate for remedy.
Options out there depend upon the person’s medical wants and
lifestyle/ Individuals should discuss these with their healthcare practitioner previous to commencing
remedy. The present scientific literature means that TRT worsens breast
and prostate cancer. Nevertheless, TRT might supply advantages
to people with early-stage prostate most cancers without stimulating the recurrence
or development of cancer. Nonetheless, a 2021 examine suggests that TRT might improve complete levels of cholesterol.
A 2021 analysis research performed on trans males utilizing long-term TRT concluded that TRT triggered an increase
in purple blood cell rely.
Let’s dive into what exactly happens to your T levels as
you become old and what Is the best steroid stack you possibly can realistically expect
from TRT. With exogenous testosterone supplementation, the
pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone is blunted and
the discharge of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing
hormone are depressed. As such, a lower in spermatogenesis is seen.[64] While this impact
will not be of importance to many males who have completed
their families, physicians prescribing TRT have to be aware.
If you may be chubby or obese, weight reduction and, maybe particularly, exercise
may help enhance your ranges without treatment.
Deciding to embark on TRT includes a collaborative course of between the patient and healthcare supplier.
It’s essential to weigh the advantages against potential risks and consider
different therapies or life-style modifications that might alleviate signs.
The determination must be made primarily
based on a complete analysis of the individual’s health,
signs, and testosterone ranges, making certain that TRT is a suitable and secure option. The administration of TRT is used
to revive serum testosterone ranges to an acceptable physiological
vary for the patient’s age, and to enhance symptoms in hypogonadal
males. TRT is presently categorised by route of administration which includes intramuscular, transdermal, nasal, buccal, and subdermal.
Like all prescription medicines, TRT is considered to have a range
of helpful results alongside opposed effects which
ought to be communicated with sufferers looking for to undergo
remedy.
Testosterone therapy has been the mainstay of treatment
for hypogonadism in accordance with the Endocrine Society’s Medical Practice Tips [1].
Testosterone may help enhance sexual desire, erectile function, and
sexual satisfaction [2]. However, like most medications, exogenous testosterone use does not come without dangers, this similar systematic review confirmed an elevated threat of erythrocytosis,
as nicely as lower urinary tract symptoms [2].
New research strategies may assist clarify the connection between TRT and prostate most cancers.
For instance, scientists are now utilizing superior imaging methods to detect very small cancer growths in the
prostate. These new instruments could help them decide if TRT really causes these small cancer growths to turn into bigger or if other components are
at play. The precise explanation for prostate cancer is not
fully understood, however it begins when cells within the prostate start to grow out of control.
Many testosterone formulations can be found (Table 459,60 ), and no formulation has superior medical effects.
TRT offers a way to complement testosterone ranges through various
strategies, corresponding to injections, gels, patches, or pellets, each with its personal benefits depending on a affected person’s way of
life and well being wants. After a consultation with a licensed
and skilled physician, the protocol and dose of testosterone
could also be decided primarily based on the patient’s blood work and
signs/symptoms. The dose and frequency will differ from patient to the next and after a number of weeks, observe up blood work might be performed to determine the efficacy of
treatment and if any adjustments need to be made. None of studies have been massive sufficient to show a fracture risk discount with testosterone substitute remedy.
Testosterone Alternative Remedy (TRT) has emerged as a prevalent solution for
people grappling with low testosterone levels. While it presents important benefits, corresponding to improved vitality
ranges, temper enhancement, and elevated muscle
mass, it’s crucial to method TRT with an knowledgeable perspective.
Understanding the potential dangers and side effects is essential
for healthcare suppliers and patients alike.
Testosterone alternative remedy (TRT) is a extensively used treatment for males
with symptomatic hypogonadism. The benefits seen with TRT,
such as elevated libido and power stage, useful effects on bone density, power and muscle as properly as cardioprotective effects,
have been well-documented. Men on TRT ought to be monitored for side-effects such as polycythemia, peripheral edema,
cardiac and hepatic dysfunction. If you don’t have a medical condition that is
contributing to your decline in testosterone levels, your doctor might recommend pure
methods to spice up testosterone, corresponding to shedding weight and growing
muscle mass through resistance train. Secondly, in men with
prostate cancer who endure lively surveillance without definite therapy, warning
ought to be exercised when performing TRT. These results
counsel that untreated and remaining prostate cancer cells are likely to
be activated and exacerbated by exogenous androgens even when the
tumor is at an early stage, with low aggressiveness. Compared to TRT-untreated patients, TRT-treated patients may not
have increased dangers for disease development in prostate cancer.
As per this theory, while a certain degree of testosterone is required to stimulate prostatic growth, larger serum levels do not
promote intra-prostatic cancerous progress due to androgen receptor (AR) saturation. Testosterone therapy,
also called TRT, is a medical therapy used to assist males with low ranges of testosterone, the first male sex hormone.
It helps keep muscle mass, keeps bones sturdy,
impacts mood, and helps sexual health. Low testosterone ranges
can result in issues such as fatigue, low sex drive,
problem concentrating, and even depression. TRT is commonly beneficial for males who show clear indicators
of low testosterone and want to improve their quality of
life.
Folks should contact a doctor to discuss and make sure their
at-home take a look at outcomes. Current guidelines, which date again to 2016,
state that individuals ought to check their testosterone levels every three months for
the primary year they use hormone therapy. Typical testosterone ranges for males are between 300 and 1,000 nanograms per
deciliter (ng/dL), and these levels are a lot lower in females.
Testosterone ranges typically decline as a person ages, but some might have low testosterone as
a outcome of sure health conditions. Of the 2 different sorts of testosterone
testing kits, saliva testing is faster and more snug for sufferers who do not want to draw their blood.
A blood check can get extra accurate take a look at
results at the price of additional discomfort. Your testosterone ranges may be
affected by the amount of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) that your physique produces.
This strategy aims to provide a more complete evaluation of total testosterone levels.
A hand testosterone test is an rising method that analyzes hormone
levels utilizing sweat or pores and skin secretions from the palms.
While research into its reliability is ongoing, preliminary findings counsel that skin-based hormone testing could present a non-invasive and fast
assessment option. Nonetheless, saliva testosterone tests stay the preferred at-home testing
method due to their well-established accuracy and ease of use.
Blood tests are nonetheless thought-about the gold commonplace for comprehensive hormone analysis, particularly in medical settings the place exact measurements
of complete and free testosterone are required.
Since 2003, Entry Medical Labs has been on the
forefront of diagnostic lab testing and analysis. Prior to joining Forbes Health,
Maddie was a private finance editor at Credible the place she specialized in mortgage and personal
loan matters. She has also labored for the literary
agency Howland Literary and the magazine The Vincent Brothers Review as a manuscript reader and replica editor.
Whereas at-home checks can provide priceless insights, they should not replace professional medical evaluations, significantly for individuals with persistent symptoms of anabolic steroids of hormonal imbalance.
Consulting a healthcare provider for interpretation and follow-up testing is all the time recommended.
Saliva-based testosterone testing presents a quantity of advantages
over conventional blood tests. Not Like blood tests that require a needle and venipuncture, saliva testing merely includes spitting into a set tube, making it a painless and stress-free different.
This is particularly helpful for individuals who expertise anxiety or discomfort with blood
draws. Samples are sent to an accredited lab for analysis and results are reviewed by
a board-certified medical staff to determine the best course
of care. One necessary factor to consider is the diurnal variation in testosterone ranges.
The results might be interpreted by medical professionals who can provide insights into your hormone ranges and any potential health
implications. Sure, there are house testing kits
available that claim to measure testosterone levels.
These kits usually require a blood or saliva sample that is despatched off to a lab for evaluation. While these
kits might present some information about your testosterone levels,
they’re typically not as correct as exams conducted in a medical laboratory.
Moreover, it is necessary to consider that self-administered exams is most likely
not carried out appropriately, leading to inaccurate outcomes.
In abstract, there are a quantity of signs and conditions that may warrant
a testosterone stage verify. These include a lower in libido or
sexual desire, erectile dysfunction, fatigue or decreased energy ranges, muscle mass loss, and temper
changes.
Because males have a much bigger quantity of testosterone of
their our bodies than girls, it’s simpler for men to construct muscle than it’s for ladies.
While at-home kits can provide a good baseline for starting a conversation with an expert, in-person exams are likely extra accurate.
“It came with an easy-to-follow instruction guide […] I dripped a couple of drops of blood onto the collection card. Once the specimen dried, I packaged it up and placed it in my mailbox for return to the lab.
By following these steps, you can help be sure that your test outcomes present a real reflection of your testosterone ranges, allowing for correct diagnosis and efficient therapy planning. While these signs might point out low testosterone levels, it’s necessary to notice that they can be brought on by different elements or medical situations. Due To This Fact, you will need to consult with a healthcare skilled to find out the underlying explanation for the symptoms and whether or not a testosterone degree verify is necessary.
Taking a blood check to verify your testosterone ranges does not carry any inherent risk, nor does taking a saliva check. The blood-based testosterone tests are usually extra accurate than saliva-based tests, but the distinction lies primarily in personal desire. Extra complicated take a look at kits go additional than testosterone levels and will additionally examine your Albumin, Luteinizing Hormone, and SHBG ranges. The first kind requires a blood pattern, while the second requires saliva. Low testosterone impacts greater than your libido—it can have a huge effect on temper, sleep, and body composition.
He’s taken a couple of other at-home exams earlier than, so he was quite familiar with the method. The delivery to and from his residence back to myLAB Box was easy sufficient, simpler than different rivals, Luke talked about. The info on healthmatters.io is NOT supposed to exchange a one-on-one relationship with a certified well being care professional and is not supposed as medical recommendation. For those who favor assistance, we provide a “Information entry service” that will assist you input your knowledge.
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