Cambridge 16 Reading Test 04
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
Roman tunnels
The Romans, who once controlled areas of Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor, adopted the construction techniques of other civilizations to build tunnels in their territories
The Persians, who lived in present-day Iran, were one of the first civilizations to build tunnels that provided a reliable supply of water to human settlements in dry areas. In the early first millennium BCE, they introduced the qanat method of tunnel construction, which consisted of placing posts over a hill in a straight line, to ensure that the tunnel kept to its route, and then digging vertical shafts down into the ground at regular intervals. Underground, workers removed the earth from between the ends of the shafts, creating a tunnel. The excavated soil was taken up to the surface using the shafts, which also provided ventilation during the work. Once the tunnel was completed, it allowed water to flow from the top of a hillside down towards a canal, which supplied water for human use. Remarkably, some qanats built by the Persians 2,700 years ago are still in use today.
They later passed on their knowledge to the Romans, who also used the qanat method to construct water-supply tunnels for agriculture. Roma qanat tunnels were constructed with vertical shafts dug at intervals of between 30 and 60 meters. The shafts were equipped with handholds and footholds to help those climbing in and out of them and were covered with a wooden or stone lid. To ensure that the shafts were vertical, Romans hung a plumb line from a rod placed across the top of each shaft and made sure that the weight at the end of it hung in the center of the shaft. Plumb lines were also used to measure the depth of the shaft and to determine the slope of the tunnel. The 5.6-kilometer-long Claudius tunnel, built in 41 CE to drain the Fucine Lake in central Italy, had shafts that were up to 122 meters deep, took 11 years to build and involved approximately 30,000 workers.
By the 6th century BCE, a second method of tunnel construction appeared called the counter-excavation method, in which the tunnel was constructed from both ends. It was used to cut through high mountains when the qanat method was not a practical alternative. This method required greater planning and advanced knowledge of surveying, mathematics and geometry as both ends of a tunnel had to meet correctly at the center of the mountain. Adjustments to the direction of the tunnel also had to be made whenever builders encountered geological problems or when it deviated from its set path. They constantly checked the tunnel’s advancing direction, for example, by looking back at the light that penetrated through the tunnel mouth, and made corrections whenever necessary. Large deviations could happen, and they could result in one end of the tunnel not being usable. An inscription written on the side of a 428-meter tunnel, built by the Romans as part of the Saldae aqueduct system in modern-day Algeria, describes how the two teams of builders missed each other in the mountain and how the later construction of a lateral link between both corridors corrected the initial error.
The Romans dug tunnels for their roads using the counter-excavation method, whenever they encountered obstacles such as hills or mountains that were too high for roads to pass over. An example is the 37-meter-long, 6-meter-high, Furlo Pass Tunnel built in Italy in 69-79 CE. Remarkably, a modern road still uses this tunnel today. Tunnels were also built for mineral extraction. Miners would locate a mineral vein and then pursue it with shafts and tunnels underground. Traces of such tunnels used to mine gold can still be found at the Dolaucothi mines in Wales. When the sole purpose of a tunnel was mineral extraction, construction required less planning, as the tunnel route was determined by the mineral vein.
Roman tunnel projects were carefully planned and carried out. The length of time it took to construct a tunnel depended on the method being used and the type of rock being excavated. The qanat construction method was usually faster than the counter-excavation method as it was more straightforward. This was because the mountain could be excavated not only from the tunnel mouths but also from shafts. The type of rock could also influence construction times. When the rock was hard, the Romans employed a technique called fire quenching which consisted of heating the rock with fire, and then suddenly cooling it with cold water so that it would crack. Progress through hard rock could be very slow, and it was not uncommon for tunnels to take years, if not decades, to be built. Construction marks left on a Roman tunnel in Bologna show that the rate of advance through solid rock was 30 centimeters per day. In contrast, the rate of advance of the Claudius tunnel can be calculated at 1.4 meters per day. Most tunnels had inscriptions showing the names of patrons who ordered construction and sometimes the name of the architect. For example, the 1.4-kilometer Çevlik tunnel in Turkey, built to divert the floodwater threatening the harbor of the ancient city of Seleuceia Pieria, had inscriptions on the entrance, still visible today, that also indicate that the tunnel was started in 69 CE and was completed in 81 CE.
Questions 1-6
Label the diagrams below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
Questions 7-10
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
7 The counter-excavation method completely replaced the qanat method in the 6th century BCE.
8 Only experienced builders were employed to construct a tunnel using the counter-excavation method.
9 The information about a problem that occurred during the construction of the Saldae aqueduct system was found in an ancient book.
10 The mistake made by the builders of the Saldae aqueduct system was that the two parts of the tunnel failed to meet.
Questions 11-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.
11 What type of mineral were the Dolaucothi mines in Wales built to extract?
12 In addition to the patron, whose name might be carved onto a tunnel?
13 What part of Seleuceia Pieria was the Çevlik tunnel built to protect?
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
Changes in reading habits
What are the implications of the way we read today?
Look around on your next plane trip. The iPad is the new pacifier for babies and toddlers. Younger school-aged children read stories on smartphones; older kids don’t read at all, but hunch over video games. Parents and other passengers read on tablets or skim a flotilla of email and news feeds. Unbeknown to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit that underlies the brain’s ability to read is subtly, rapidly changing and this has implications for everyone from the pre-reading toddler to the expert adult.
As work in neurosciences indicates, the acquisition of literacy necessitated a new circuit in our species’ brain more than 6,000 years ago. That circuit evolved from a very simple mechanism for decoding basic information, like the number of goats in one’s herd, to the present, highly elaborated reading brain. My research depicts how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: internalized knowledge, analogical reasoning, and inference; perspective-taking and empathy; critical analysis and the generation of insight. Research surfacing in many parts of the world now cautions that each of these essential ‘deep reading’ processes may be under threat as we move into digital-based modes of reading.
This is not a simple, binary issue of print versus digital reading and technological innovations. As MIT scholar Sherry Turkle has written, we do not err as a society when we innovate but when we ignore what we disrupt or diminish while innovating. In this hinge moment between print and digital cultures, society needs to confront what is diminishing in the expert reading circuit, what our children and older students are not developing, and what we can do about it.
We know from research that the reading circuit is not given to human beings through a genetic blueprint like vision or language; it needs an environment to develop. Further, it will adapt to that environment’s requirements – from different writing systems to the characteristics of whatever medium is used. If the dominant medium advantages processes that are fast, multi-task oriented and well-suited for large volumes of information, like the current digital medium, so will the reading circuit. As UCLA psychologist Patricia Greenfield writes, the result is that less attention and time will be allocated to slower, time-demanding deep reading processes.
Increasing reports from educators and from researchers in psychology and the humanities bear this out. English literature scholar and teacher Mark Edmundson describes how many college students actively avoid the classic literature of the 19th and 20th centuries in favour of something simpler as they no longer have the patience to read longer, denser, more difficult texts. We should be less concerned with students’ ‘cognitive impatience’, however, than by what may underlie it: the potential inability of large numbers of students to read with a level of critical analysis sufficient to comprehend the complexity of thought and argument found in more demanding texts.
Multiple studies show that digital screen use may be causing a variety of troubling downstream effects on reading comprehension in older high school and college students. In Stavanger, Norway, psychologist Anne Mangen and colleagues studied how high school students comprehend the same material in different mediums. Mangen’s group asked subjects questions about a short story whose plot had universal student appeal; half of the students read the story on a tablet, the other half in paperback. Results indicated that students who read on print were superior in their comprehension to screen-reading peers, particularly in their ability to sequence detail and reconstruct the plot in chronological order.
Ziming Liu from San Jose State University has conducted a series of studies which indicate that the ‘new norm’ in reading is skimming, involving word-spotting and browsing through the text. Many readers now use a pattern when reading in which they sample the first line and then word-spot through the rest of the text. When the reading brain skims like this, it reduces time allocated to deep reading processes. In other words, we don’t have time to grasp complexity, to understand another’s feelings, to perceive beauty, and to create thoughts of the reader’s own.
The possibility that critical analysis, empathy and other deep reading processes could become the unintended ‘collateral damage’ of our digital culture is not a straightforward binary issue about print versus digital reading. It is about how we all have begun to read o various mediums and how that changes not only what we read, but also the purposes for which we read. Nor is it only about the young. The subtle atrophy of critical analysis and empathy affects us all equally. It affects our ability to navigate a constant bombardment of information. It incentivizes a retreat to the most familiar stores of unchecked information, which require and receive no analysis, leaving us susceptible to false information and irrational ideas.
There’s an old rule in neuroscience that does not alter with age: use it or lose it. It is a very hopeful principle when applied to critical thought in the reading brain because it implies choice. The story of the changing reading brain is hardly finished. We possess both the science and the technology to identify and redress the changes in how we read before they become entrenched. If we work to understand exactly what we will lose, alongside the extraordinary new capacities that the digital world has brought us, there is as much reason for excitement as caution.
Questions 14-17
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
14 What is the writer’s main point in the first paragraph?
A Our use of technology is having a hidden effect on us.
B Technology can be used to help youngsters to read.
C Travellers should be encouraged to use technology on planes.
D Playing games is a more popular use of technology than reading.
15 What main point does Sherry Turkle make about innovation?
A Technological innovation has led to a reduction in print reading.
B We should pay attention to what might be lost when innovation occurs.
C We should encourage more young people to become involved in innovation.
D There is a difference between developing products and developing ideas.
16 What point is the writer making in the fourth paragraph?
A Humans have an inborn ability to read and write.
B Reading can be done using many different mediums.
C Writing systems make unexpected demands on the brain.
D Some brain circuits adjust to whatever is required of them.
17 According to Mark Edmundson, the attitude of college students
A has changed the way he teaches.
B has influenced what they select to read.
C does not worry him as much as it does others.
D does not match the views of the general public.
Questions 18-22
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-H, below.
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.
Studies on digital screen use
There have been many studies on digital screen use, showing some 18 ………………… trends. Psychologist Anne Mangen gave high-school students a short story to read, half using digital and half using print mediums. Her team then used a question-and-answer technique to find out how 19 ………………… each group’s understanding of the plot was. The findings showed a clear pattern in the responses, with those who read screens finding the order of information 20 ………………… to recall.
Studies by Ziming Liu show that students are tending to read 21 ………………… words and phrases in a text to save time. This approach, she says, gives the reader a superficial understanding of the 22 ………………… content of material, leaving no time for thought.
A fast B isolated C emotional D worrying
E many F hard G combined H thorough
Questions 23-26
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
23 The medium we use to read can affect our choice of reading content.
24 Some age groups are more likely to lose their complex reading skills than others.
25 False information has become more widespread in today’s digital era.
26 We still have opportunities to rectify the problems that technology is presenting.
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence
A
Artificial intelligence (AI) can already predict the future. Police forces are using it to map when and where crime is likely to occur. Doctors can use it to predict when a patient is most likely to have a heart attack or stroke. Researchers are even trying to give AI imagination so it can plan for unexpected consequences.
Many decisions in our lives require a good forecast, and AI is almost always better at forecasting than we are. Yet for all these technological advances, we still seem to deeply lack confidence in AI predictions. Recent cases show that people don’t like relying on AI and prefer to trust human experts, even if these experts are wrong.
If we want AI to really benefit people, we need to find a way to get people to trust it. To do that, we need to understand why people are so reluctant to trust AI in the first place.
B
Take the case of Watson for Oncology, one of technology giant IBM’s supercomputer programs. Their attempt to promote this program to cancer doctors was a PR disaster. The AI promised to deliver top-quality recommendations on the treatment of 12 cancers that accounted for 80% of the world’s cases. But when doctors first interacted with Watson, they found themselves in a rather difficult situation. On the one hand, if Watson provided guidance about a treatment that coincided with their own opinions, physicians did not see much point in Watson’s recommendations. The supercomputer was simply telling them what they already knew, and these recommendations did not change the actual treatment.
On the other hand, if Watson generated a recommendation that contradicted the experts’ opinion, doctors would typically conclude that Watson wasn’t competent. And the machine wouldn’t be able to explain why its treatment was plausible because its machine-learning algorithms were simply too complex to be fully understood by humans. Consequently, this has caused even more suspicion and disbelief, leading many doctors to ignore the seemingly outlandish AI recommendations and stick to their own expertise.
C
This is just one example of people’s lack of confidence in AI and their reluctance to accept what AI has to offer. Trust in other people is often based on our understanding of how others think and having experience of their reliability. This helps create a psychological feeling of safety. AI, on the other hand, is still fairly new and unfamiliar to most people. Even if it can be technically explained (and that’s not always the case), AI’s decision-making process is usually too difficult for most people to comprehend. And interacting with something we don’t understand can cause anxiety and give us a sense that we’re losing control.
Many people are also simply not familiar with many instances of AI actually working, because it often happens in the background. Instead, they are acutely aware of instances where AI goes wrong. Embarrassing AI failures receive a disproportionate amount of media attention, emphasising the message that we cannot rely on technology. Machine learning is not foolproof, in part because the humans who design it aren’t.
D
Feelings about AI run deep. In a recent experiment, people from a range of backgrounds were given various sci-fi films about AI to watch and then asked questions about automation in everyday life. It was found that, regardless of whether the film they watched depicted AI in a positive or negative light, simply watching a cinematic vision of our technological future polarised the participants’ attitudes. Optimists became more extreme in their enthusiasm for AI and sceptics became even more guarded.
This suggests people use relevant evidence about AI in a biased manner to support their existing attitudes, a deep-rooted human tendency known as “confirmation bias”. As AI is represented more and more in media and entertainment, it could lead to a society split between those who benefit from AI and those who reject it. More pertinently, refusing to accept the advantages offered by AI could place a large group of people at a serious disadvantage.
E
Fortunately, we already have some ideas about how to improve trust in AI. Simply having previous experience with AI can significantly improve people’s opinions about the technology, as was found in the study mentioned above. Evidence also suggests the more you use other technologies such as the internet, the more you trust them.
Another solution may be to reveal more about the algorithms which AI uses and the purposes they serve. Several high-profile social media companies and online marketplaces already release transparency reports about government requests and surveillance disclosures. A similar practice for AI could help people have a better understanding of the way algorithmic decisions are made.
F
Research suggests that allowing people some control over AI decision-making could also improve trust and enable AI to learn from human experience. For example, one study showed that when people were allowed the freedom to slightly modify an algorithm, they felt more satisfied with its decisions, more likely to believe it was superior and more likely to use it in the future.
We don’t need to understand the intricate inner workings of AI systems, but if people are given a degree of responsibility for how they are implemented, they will be more willing to accept AI into their lives.
Questions 27-32
Reading Passage 3 has six sections, A-F.
Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i An increasing divergence of attitudes towards AI
ii Reasons why we have more faith in human judgement than in AI
iii The superiority of AI projections over those made by humans
iv The process by which AI can help us make good decisions
v The advantages of involving users in AI processes
vi Widespread distrust of an AI innovation
vii Encouraging openness about how AI functions
viii A surprisingly successful AI application
27 Section A
28 Section B
29 Section C
30 Section D
31 Section E
32 Section F
Question 33-35
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 33-35 on your answer sheet.
33 What is the writer doing in Section A?
A providing a solution to a concern
B justifying an opinion about an issue
C highlighting the existence of a problem
D explaining the reasons for a phenomenon
34 According to Section C, why might some people be reluctant to accept AI?
A They are afraid it will replace humans in decision-making jobs.
B Its complexity makes them feel that they are at a disadvantage.
C They would rather wait for the technology to be tested over a period of time.
D Misunderstandings about how it works make it seem more challenging than it is.
35 What does the writer say about the media in Section C of the text?
A It leads the public to be mistrustful of AI.
B It devotes an excessive amount of attention to AI.
C Its reports of incidents involving AI are often inaccurate.
D It gives the impression that AI failures are due to designer error.
Questions 36-40
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
36 Subjective depictions of AI in sci-fi films make people change their opinions about automation.
37 Portrayals of AI in media and entertainment are likely to become more positive.
38 Rejection of the possibilities of AI may have a negative effect on many people’s lives.
39 Familiarity with AI has very little impact on people’s attitudes to the technology.
40 AI applications which users are able to modify are more likely to gain consumer approval.
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It is important to observe all the guidelines and requirements set forth by your insurance company to increase the probabilities of approval.
As mentioned within the section above (Is testosterone alternative remedy covered by insurance), not
all plans supply coverage, especially in case your therapy isn’t thought of medically necessary.
To qualify, most plans require scientific proof of low testosterone, typically
confirmed through two early-morning blood tests.
There are a number of different treatments obtainable for males with low testosterone levels, including way of life adjustments and medications.
Whereas some men may have the ability to handle their symptoms with these remedies alone, others might require
TRT. If an insurance claim for testosterone therapy gets denied, don’t be afraid to talk
to your physician about appealing the choice.
Nevertheless, in relation to midlife women’s health,
Texas is making strides in menopause legislation. Before starting TRT, it could be very important have a comprehensive medical analysis and discuss
the dangers and benefits along with your doctor. TRT can have side effects
similar to zits, sleep apnea, and prostate enlargement, and may enhance the danger of blood clots, heart assaults, and
strokes in some males. Ask your physician to doc your symptoms and how they impact your
day by day life. Insurance Coverage corporations usually
have a tendency to approve protection if your physician can clarify how steroids affect the body low testosterone affects you physically, mentally,
and emotionally. For instance, if low testosterone is causing despair, your doctor
ought to clearly state that within the notes. Once an individual has paid $2,000
in out-of-pocket prices, they will not have some other out-of-pocket
prices for the relaxation of the calendar yr.
Some insurance plans cowl testosterone therapy only if it meets their
“medical necessity” standards. To discover out, evaluation your insurance coverage paperwork
or contact your insurance coverage provider
directly. Look for sections referred to as “Prescription Drug Benefits”
or “Medical Necessity” to see if there are any particulars
on testosterone therapy. Speaking along with your insurance provider or checking your plan’s website can also allow you to get clear answers.
In conclusion, Medicare might cowl the value of testosterone injections if
they are prescribed for a medical condition apart
from hormone alternative therapy, such as genetic disorders or continual sicknesses.
Protection is usually contingent on assembly Medicare’s standards for medical necessity, which can contain prior authorization and documentation from healthcare
professionals. Insurance Coverage protection for menopause in New Jersey is
determined by the precise plan and treatment.
Insurance Coverage protection for menopause in Kentucky depends on the specific plan and treatment.
Kentucky’s Medicaid protection does not explicitly cover any menopause-related care, however it
does cowl all breast and cervical most cancers screenings.
Most insurance providers within the state do cover many medications used to handle menopause signs, however coverage is in the end determined by the insurance
coverage provider. Insurance Coverage protection for menopause in Hawaii is dependent upon the specific plan and treatment.
Most medications underneath the state’s healthcare packages cover all medically necessary menopause remedies,
as nicely as breast exams. In Sept. 2024, Governor Gavin Newsom vetoed Meeting Bill
2467, which would have required all health insurance plans in California to
cover menopause care, together with analysis and treatment options.
He cited ambiguities within the bill and concerns for value containment and invoice implementation.
These with insurance plans that cover testosterone remedy
will likely pay less, though copayments and deductibles should apply.
Insurance coverage for menopause in Pennsylvania is
dependent upon the precise plan and therapy. Insurance Coverage protection for menopause in Arizona is dependent upon the specific plan and treatment.
Many medical health insurance plans cover drugs used to
treat menopause, however some treatments for sexual dysfunction may not be coated.
Determining in case your insurance plan covers testosterone remedy might require a while and careful review, but
it’s an essential step to keep away from surprising bills.
By reviewing your coverage, contacting your supplier,
and understanding the specific requirements, you can higher
prepare for the fee and strategy of starting testosterone therapy.
This preparation not only saves you time and stress but in addition allows you to take full advantage of your health insurance advantages.
As of Might 2025, Texas is one of only thirteen states to propose laws overlaying menopause care.
Illinois and Louisiana are still the only states to mandate state medical health insurance coverage of full care, which incorporates all hormonal and non-hormonal menopause therapies, counseling
and preventative care. While Medicare does cowl TRT if it is deemed medically essential, it
is necessary to focus on the potential benefits and dangers of the treatment along with your
physician earlier than beginning. By following the steps outlined above,
you can be sure that your TRT treatment is covered by Medicare.
TRT is commonly really helpful for men who are experiencing signs of low testosterone
ranges, together with fatigue, decreased libido, and muscle loss.
It can be used to treat medical circumstances such as hypogonadism, a situation in which the physique doesn’t produce sufficient testosterone.
Each step is important in proving that this treatment is
important for your health. By following these steps and
dealing carefully together with your physician, you’ll have the ability to improve your possibilities
of getting the approval you want. Insurance can reduce this
financial burden by masking some or all of the prices of testosterone remedy.
When people can access remedy at an reasonably priced price, they’re extra more likely to stick with it, leading to raised health outcomes and fewer stress over funds.
By helping folks avoid high out-of-pocket prices, insurance allows them to
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Not Like in ladies, however, the hormone drop doesn’t happen abruptly in males,
but takes place more steadily over the years. In addition, the “menopause symptoms” in males – if in any respect – are usually less intense and the “stronger sex” tends to easily ignore any age-related modifications.
The actual medical significance of andropause has therefore not but been conclusively clarified.
In distinction to their female counterpart, the “male menopause”, additionally referred to as the andropause or climacterium virile, is a controversial phenomenon. However, it’s undisputed that not only women, but additionally men with advancing age
expertise a hormone decrease, which also impacts
their testosterone.
These compounds are able to binding to sex hormone-binding globulin, which as
we talked about previously, inactivates testosterone.
Herbalists and physicians consider that increasing resistance to
emphasize may help enhance and maintain hormone steadiness
and immune system functioning. For instance, it could possibly help to improve brain operate, metabolism,
thyroid hormone manufacturing, alongside testosterone synthesis.
Catechins additionally assist with higher blood circulate and may even enhance signs of erectile dysfunction. Zinc
is a crucial mineral for each women and men as a outcome of
it’ll help the physique keep an adequate degree of hormones and
enzymes, which are necessary for bodily features.
Further virgin olive oil is among the most nutritious meals you presumably can consume.
Spinach, kale, and Swiss chard are loaded with
magnesium, which has been proven to promote healthy testosterone ranges, especially in lively individuals.
Testosterone is influenced by a quantity of factors,
including age, sleep, stress, and exercise, but food plan is one of
the most controllable. The hyperlink between testosterone and food plan connection lies within the
nutrients your physique uses to produce and regulate hormones.
Higher testosterone ranges also improve mental processing speed
and memory. Testosterone improves muscle mass, and this means weight control and elevated energy.
These greens additionally pack nutritional vitamins A, C and E, antioxidants that help safeguard cells in the body from injury, together with people who produce testosterone.
Moreover, the nitrates present in these greens improve blood circulation, which may additionally help increase sexual well being.
Food and Drug Administration, there are no true quantifiable benefits of taking
testosterone dietary supplements. The dietary supplements
often contain B vitamins and zinc, which naturally improve energy ranges in males while presumably
enhancing natural testosterone availability within the blood.
A evaluate revealed in 2019 discovered that onions could assist
male testosterone levels.
Scroll down to find the foods that improve testosterone
levels naturally. There are many vitamins that your physique wants but
can’t produce naturally, or no less than not in high sufficient portions.
We’ve talked about a few amongst our testosterone boosting meals
— including nutritional vitamins B, C
and D, zinc, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids — but
there’s quite the record. Are you someone who’s been hitting the fitness center onerous, eating clear,
and still your testosterone ranges aren’t where you need them to be?
Maybe you have heard blended opinions; some say
milk is great for boosting hormones, whereas others warn that it’s stuffed with
hormones itself and may need the alternative impact.
King of the veg patch, cabbage is crammed with a chemical referred to as indole-3-carbinol, which rids your blood of girly hormones.
Wholesome males took 500mg daily for per week at Rockefeller College; their oestrogen levels halved,
making testosterone more effective. Plus, pomegranates are excessive in flavonoid antioxidants, which
can help protect testosterone-producing cells from damage and even enhance
testosterone manufacturing. Increased testosterone offers the potential for more
muscle, true, and this can be effective.
Sport not only boosts the body’s personal
testosterone production, it also reduces the cortisol level,
which is taken into account to be a testosterone “brake”.
Each strength and endurance coaching have a stimulating impact – but solely so long as
they do not appear to be exaggerated. As A Result Of coaching classes that are too lengthy (e.g.
hours of running) can really be counterproductive in relation to testosterone levels.
It is not for nothing that competitive athletes in the endurance sector are sometimes affected by a
testosterone deficiency. Avocados are another fantastic meals that increases testosterone.
They are packed with wholesome fats, magnesium, and a hint mineral known as boron. One study showed boron could
play a role in wholesome testosterone metabolism and in preventing its breakdown within the body.
Some studies have discovered that diets excessive in ultra-processed meals and low in nutrient-dense
foods may contribute to low testosterone (3, 4). Adequate
sleep is essential to maintaining wholesome testosterone levels.
Research show that getting lower than six hours of sleep each night time can lower testosterone ranges by as
a lot as 15% the following day. Wholesome testosterone ranges are essential
for each women and men. For people dealing with low testosterone,
these pure remedies and meals that boost testosterone could possibly assist normalize your ranges.
Bananas contain nutritional vitamins and minerals, including magnesium, and likewise an enzyme called bromelain, which can offer
well being advantages. Flax, on the other hand, is known to
extend libido in girls.
So, “if you’re not getting sufficient dietary fats, your physique has less of the constructing blocks it needs to produce testosterone,”
he says. In reality, one 2021 evaluation in The Journal of steroid detransformation Biochemistry and Molecular Biology found that men who switched from a high-fat to low-fat
food regimen noticed a drop in testosterone levels.
In addition to the benefits of a healthy diet, small-scale studies have shown that in younger wholesome men, extra virgin olive
oil may assist raise testosterone ranges [7].
This helps each men and women achieve a faster and longer-lasting orgasm.
Like cabbage, this vegetable has indole-3-carbinol, which
helps get rid of estrogen storage and increases testosterone production. In Accordance to a quantity of studies, this fruit contains many antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, which increase testosterone by sixteen to
30%.
Die Dosierung ist teilweise sehr unterschädlich und hängt
auch stark von der Kombination der Stoffe ab. Wobei viele Profis insgeheim angeben tausende Milligramm Testosteron Enantat zu sich zu nehmen. In allen Fällen sollte
aber mit einer niedrigen Dosis angefangen werden,
da jeder Körper anders reagiert und man die eventuellen Nebenwirkungen abwarten sollte.
Anschließend kann bei Bedarf die Dosis schrittweise erhöht
werden. Die Halbwertszeit von Testosteron Enantat liegt bei kanpp 5-6 Tagen.
Das vor allem im Alter die Produktion von Testosteron abnimmt, was übrigens nur wenig in den Nebennieren gebildet wird, ist allseits bekannt.
Die negativen Folgen sind, Probleme beim Sex, Rückgang der Muskelmasse, schlechterer Bartwuchs und ein erhöhter
Fettgehalt. Aus diesem Grund bietet der Markt numerous Supplements, Präparate und Booster an, die Testosteron erhöhend wirken. Der Granatapfel
wird zudem als Nahrungsergänzungsmittel in Kind von Kapseln, Saft oder
einem Saftkonzentrat angeboten.
In der Pubertät kommt es zu einem Anstieg des Testosteronspiegels, was zur Vergrößerung des Hodens und des Penis führt.
Des Weiteren werden zu diesem Zeitpunkt auch die
sekundären Geschlechtsmerkmale ausgebildet.
Der Kehlkopf wächst, es kommt zum Stimmbruch und es bilden sich vermehrt Körper-, Achsel- und Barthaare.
Bei Männern findet die Produktion von Testosteron zum größten Teil
im Hoden statt und in kleineren Mengen auch in der Nebennierenrinde.
Unter anderem trägt es dazu bei, das Insulin, die Glukose und die Fettspeicherung zu regulieren. Testosteronmangel kann
penislänge durch testosteron bestimmt hormonelle Unterfunktion der
Hoden, genannt männlicher Hypogonadismus, ausgelöst werden. Zu den möglichen Ursachen zählen genetische Defekte,
bestimmte Erkrankungen, die Einnahme von Medikamenten oder ein ungünstiger Lebensstil.
Einseitige, kalorienreiche Ernährung, mangelnde Bewegung, übermäßiger Alkoholkonsum, und der Konsum von Drogen wie
Marihuana können den Testosteronspiegel verringern.
Übergewicht und Bauchfett sind zudem typische Ursachen für niedrige Testosteronwerte.
So wirst du nicht nur deinen Testosteronspiegel verbessern,
sondern auch deine allgemeine Lebensqualität.
Eine ausgewogene Ernährung mit zink- und vitamin D-reichen Lebensmitteln kann die Testosteronproduktion positiv beeinflussen und unterstützen. An einem gewissen Punkt hast du lieber Leser
vielleicht schon alles ausprobiert und nichts scheint zu helfen. Heilpraktiker nehmen sich in der Regel mehr
Zeit für ihre Patienten und lassen auch die so wichtige psychologische Komponente nicht unter den Tisch fallen. Heute erfährst du, wie du deine Libido steigern und das Feuer der Lust in deinem Associate neu entfachen kannst.
Jeder kann mit einfachen Tipps seine Libido erhöhen – Mann oder Frau, das
spielt dabei keine Rolle. Von natürlichen Hausmitteln über Medikamente
aus der Apotheke bis hin zu Homöopathie.
Nach Deinen 30ern oder 40ern kannst Du erwarten, dass es jedes Jahr um etwa
1 bis 2 Prozent abnimmt (Stanworth & Jones, 2008).
Dieser Prozess des langsamen, aber stetigen Abfalls
konnte in mehreren großen epidemiologischen Studien übereinstimmend
gezeigt werden (Kaufman & Vermeulen, 2005), (Vermeulen et al., 1996).
Einer weiteren Studie zufolge sind bis zu 40% der Männer
über 45 von Testosteronmangel betroffen (Mulligan et al., 2008).
Neue Forschungen bei übergewichtigen Männern deuten darauf
hin, dass eine erhöhte körperliche Aktivität zur Erhöhung des Testosteronspiegels noch vorteilhafter warfare als eine Diät zur Gewichtsabnahme.
In diesem Kapitel betrachten wir die Unterschiede zwischen Gesamttestosteron und biologisch aktivem Testosteron und zeigen dir die
“normalen” Sollwerte für Männer und Frauen. Auch wenn es zunächst unangenehm klingen mag,
so hat das kalte Duschen doch einige Vorteile für deinen Testosteronspiegel.
Cortisol wird oft als „Stresshormon” bezeichnet, da seine
Werte in Reaktion auf Stress ansteigen. Es hilft
deinem Körper, mit stressigen Situationen umzugehen, indem es Energie bereitstellt.
Dies geschieht jedoch auf Kosten anderer Körperfunktionen, einschließlich der Produktion von Testosteron.
Es gibt viele Präparate, die dem Körper synthetisches Testosteron zuführen.
Dazu zählen nicht nur Injektionen, wie sie aus dem Bodybuilding bekannt sind.
In einer Studie wurde herausgefunden, dass Männer mit einem 10% niedrigeren Testosteronspiegel
bereits signifikant schlechter in den Bereichen Beziehung und Karriere abschneiden. Auf der
Suche nach Glück und Gesundheit wird dir ein hoher Testosteronspiegel ebenfalls sehr behilflich sein.
Es gibt viele Studien, die belegen, dass ein höherer Körperfettanteil für einen niedrigen Testosteronspiegel verantwortlich sein kann.
Dies bedeutet, dass du leichter an Muskulatur
aufbauen kannst, wenn dein Körperfettanteil niedrig ist. Es gibt mehrere Studien aus denen hervorgeht, dass der Verzehr von mehr Fett zu einem
erhöhten Testosteronspiegel führen kann. Einer der
besten Wege, um deinen Testosteronspiegel zu steigern, ist es mehr Fett zu essen. Aber nicht alle Fette
sind gleich und du solltest ein Auge darauf haben, welche du zu dir nimmst.
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Check out our list of testosterone-killing meals to see what to cut out of your food regimen. Amongst the largest testosterone-killing meals are these which have been processed,
meaning they’ve been canned, cooked, frozen, packaged, or had
their nutritional content altered or removed. One examine discovered that flavonoids
present in cocoa products, like quercetin and apigenin, might assist improve the
manufacturing of testosterone (35). Extra research is required
but contemplate this permission to scarf the occasional Snickers.
Fortified cereals are sometimes disparaged because they can run excessive in carbs and added
sugar. However many fortified cereals supply larger ranges of nutrients
than their natural, complete cereal counterparts.
In addition to weight training, combining this with interval coaching is one of the best total combo to increase
HGH. In fact, interval training has been confirmed to not
only boost T ranges, nevertheless it helps retains your testosterone
elevated and may stop its decline. If you wish to naturally enhance
testosterone and human development hormone (HGH),
then combine weight coaching with HIIT exercises (high-intensity interval training).
The best method to devour it is within the pure fruit; nevertheless,
juices may also be helpful if they’re natural.
Avocados additionally comprise boron, a mineral that may benefit testosterone ranges.
Research on boron’s capacity to jack up T levels is combined,
but in a single examine, boron was found to influence testosterone metabolism and protect towards T degradation (34).
Flaxseeds include phytoestrogens that act very equally to female hormones which are linked to a healthy sex life.
Flax may be useful for women who have low estrogen levels, corresponding to those experiencing menopause.
Finest known for its essential fatty acids and omega-3s, salmon’s nutritious fats assist
keep a wholesome heart and to forestall plaque build-up in our arteries.
As a end result, blood can circulate easily, which in flip retains your intercourse drive
thriving. Omega-3s can even raise dopamine levels within the
brain, triggering arousal. Nonetheless, an precise impact can solely be confirmed
in scientific studies. Most males need 300
mg of magnesium daily, which may be consumed naturally through darkish
leafy greens, nuts, and seeds.
If you’re on the lookout for something to show up the warmth,
or actually spice up your love life, eating more scorching
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It is also more environmentally pleasant and humane than many
conventional beef production systems. This compound restricts the conversion of testosterone to
dihydrotestosterone, and in addition acts as an estrogen blocker, although
it’s technically an estrogen itself (a phytoestrogen). This is due
to the presence of a natural compound known as beta-sitosterol.
They’re additionally one of the best sources of
essential nutrient protein, and they’re easy to prepare.
A Peruvian root that could be bought in powdered kind,
the Journal of Ethnopharmacology found maca elevated production of testosterone, sperm motility and in some cases,
the human growth hormone. In Accordance to the ‘What Is
TDS’ campaign, hypogonadism is a situation the place the testes
produce an unusually low level of testosterone
or dry up altogether. Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome has many symptoms, most notably,
a lack of libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, melancholy, anxiousness, loss of well-being and
a decline in cognitive functions. If you would possibly be worried
your T levels are dropping, go to your GP for a
blood test. Dietary dietary supplements are products intended to complement the food regimen.
A popular method to raise low testosterone is with supplements and testosterone boosters.
They are available over-the-counter in health stores or
on-line. Selecting your meals with slightly care can have an enormous
constructive influence on testosterone production. Human and animal testing has demonstrated a drop of as a lot as 26% in testosterone ranges with licorice
consumption. This deal with may be one to drop if your
T ranges are too low [21]. This group is excessive in indole-3 carbinol and diindolylmethane (DIM).
These are an essential addition to the male food regimen as they are aromatase
inhibitors.
It is an unrefined oil that accommodates high quantities of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), average ranges of saturated fat (SFA), and lower polyunsaturated fat content.
Getting extra bodily activity, quitting smoking (if you smoke), and cutting back on alcohol and drug use can also assist enhance testosterone levels in case you have
low testosterone (25, 26, 27). Whereas some foods rich in testosterone-supportive nutrients may be dear, there are plenty of ways to avoid wasting money at the grocery store
without sacrificing diet or food quality. Additionally, some studies in humans and animals have discovered that testosterone levels are larger in those with
optimal selenium levels of their blood (17).
If you dislike consuming fish, you may think about making an attempt a fish oil
complement. Learn our dietitian’s evaluation of the 14 greatest
fish oil dietary supplements in the marketplace in 2023.
However other factors can even trigger low testosterone, including certain medicines, excessive body fats ranges, and some well being circumstances (1, 2).
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