Cambridge 16 Reading Test 02
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
The White Horse of Uffington
The cutting of huge figures or ‘geoglyphs’ into the earth of English hillsides has taken place for more than 3,000 years. There are 56 hill figures scattered around England, with the vast majority on the chalk downlands of the country’s southern counties. The figures include giants, horses, crosses and regimental badges. Although the majority of these geoglyphs date within the last 300 years or so, there are one or two that are much older.
The most famous of these figures is perhaps also the most mysterious – the Uffington White Horse in Oxfordshire. The White Horse has recently been re-dated and shown to be even older than its previously assigned ancient pre-Roman Iron Age* date. More controversial is the date of the enigmatic Long Man of Wilmington in Sussex. While many historians are convinced the figure is prehistoric, others believe that it was the work of an artistic monk from a nearby priory and was created between the 11th and 15th centuries.
The method of cutting these huge figures was simply to remove the overlying grass to reveal the gleaming white chalk below. However, the grass would soon grow over the geoglyph again unless it was regularly cleaned or scoured by a fairly large team of people. One reason that the vast majority of hill figures have disappeared is that when the traditions associated with the figures faded, people no longer bothered or remembered to clear away the grass to expose the chalk outline. Furthermore, over hundreds of years the outlines would sometimes change due to people not always cutting in exactly the same place, thus creating a different shape to the original geoglyph. That fact that any ancient hill figures survive at all in England today is testament to the strength and continuity of local customs and beliefs which, in one case at least, must stretch back over millennia.
The Uffington White Horse is a unique, stylised representation of a horse consisting of a long, sleek back, thin disjointed legs, a streaming tail, and a bird-like beaked head. The elegant creature almost melts into the landscape. The horse is situated 2.5 km from Uffington village on a steep close to the Late Bronze Age* (c. 7th century BCE) hillfort of Uffington Castle and below the Ridgeway, a long-distance Neolithic** track.
The Uffington Horse is also surrounded by Bronze Age burial mounds. It is not far from the Bronze Age cemetery of Lambourn Seven Barrows, which consists of more than 30 well-preserved burial mounds. The carving has been placed in such a way as to make it extremely difficult to see from close quarters, and like many geoglyphs is best appreciated from the air. Nevertheless, there are certain areas of the Vale of the White Horse, the valley containing and named after the enigmatic creature, from which an adequate impression may be gained. Indeed on a clear day the carving can be seen from up to 30 km away.
The earliest evidence of a horse at Uffington is from the 1070s CE when ‘White Horse Hill’ is mentioned in documents from the nearby Abbey of Abingdon, and the first reference to the horse itself is soon after, in 1190 CE. However, the carving is believed to date back much further than that. Due to the similarity of the Uffington White Horse to the stylised depictions of horses on 1st century BCE coins, it had been thought that the creature must also date to that period.
However, in 1995 Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) testing was carried out by the Oxford Archaeological Unit on soil from two of the lower layers of the horse’s body, and from another cut near the base. The result was a date for the horse’s construction somewhere between 1400 and 600 BCE – in other words, it had a Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age origin.
The latter end of this date range would tie the carving of the horse in with occupation of the nearby Uffington hillfort, indicating that it may represent a tribal emblem making the land of the inhabitants of the hillfort. Alternatively, the carving may have been carried out during a Bronze or Iron Age ritual. Some researchers see the horse as representing the Celtic*** horse goddess Epona, who was worshipped as a protector of horses, and for her associations with fertility. However, the cult of Epona was not imported from Gaul (France) until around the first century CE. This date is at least six centuries after the Uffington Horse was probably carved. Nevertheless, the horse had great ritual and economic significance during the Bronze and Iron Ages, as attested by its depictions on jewellery and other metal objects. It is possible that the carving represents a goddess in native mythology, such as Rhiannon, described in later Welsh mythology as a beautiful woman dressed in gold and riding a white horse.
The fact that geoglyphs can disappear easily, along with their associated rituals and meaning, indicates that they were never intended to be anything more than temporary gestures. But this does not lessen their importance. These giant carving are a fascinating glimpse into the minds of their creators and how they viewed the landscape in which they lived.
———-
*Iron Age: a period (in Britain 800 BCE – 43 CE) that is characterised by the use of iron tools
*Bronze Age: a period (in Britain c. 2,500 BCE – 800 BCE) that is characterised by the development of bronze tools
**Neolithic: a period (in Britain c. 4,000 BCE – c. 2,500 BCE) that is significant for the spread of agricultural practices, and the use of stone tools
***Celtic: an ancient people who migrated from Europe to Britain before the Romans
Questions 1-8
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1 Most geoglyphs in England are located in a particular area of the country.
2 There are more geoglyphs in the shape of a horse than any other creature.
3 A recent dating of the Uffington White Horse indicates that people were mistaken about its age.
4 Historians have come to an agreement about the origins of the Long Man of Wilmington.
5 Geoglyphs were created by people placing white chalk on the hillside.
6 Many geoglyphs in England are no longer visible.
7 The shape of some geoglyphs has been altered over time.
8 The fame of the Uffington White Horse is due to its size.
Questions 9-13
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.
The Uffington White Horse
The location of the Uffington White Horse:
- a distance of 2.5 km from Uffington village
- near an ancient road known as the 9 …………………
- close to an ancient cemetery that has a number of burial mounds
Dating the Uffington White Horse:
- first reference to White Horse Hill appears in 10 ………………… from the 1070s
- horses shown on coins from the period 100 BCE – 1 BCE are similar in appearance
- according to analysis of the surrounding 11 …………………, the Horse is Late Bronze Age / Early Iron Age
Possible reasons for creation of the Uffington White Horse:
- an emblem to indicate land ownership
- formed part of an ancient ritual
- was a representation of goddess Epona – associated with protection of horses and 12…………………
- was a representation of a Welsh goddess called 13 …………………
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
I contain multitudes
Wendy Moore reviews Ed Yong’s book about microbes
Microbes, most of them bacteria, have populated this planet since long before animal life developed and they will outlive us. Invisible to the naked eye, they are ubiquitous. They inhabit the soil, air, rocks and water and are present within every form of life, from seaweed and coral to dogs and humans. And, as Yong explains in his utterly absorbing and hugely important book we mess with them at our peril.
Every species has its own colony of microbes, called a ‘microbiome’, and these microbes vary not only between species but also between individuals and within different parts of each individual. What is amazing is that while the number of human cells in the average person is about 30 trillion, the number of microbial ones is higher – about 39 trillion. At best, Yong informs us, we are only 50 per cent human. Indeed, some scientists even suggest we should think of each species and its microbes as a single unit, dubbed a ‘holobiont’.
In each human there are microbes that live only in the stomach, the mouth or the armpit and by and large they do so peacefully. So ‘bad’ microbes are just microbes out of context. Microbes that sit contentedly in the human gut (where there are more microbes than there are stars in the galaxy) can become deadly if they find their way into the bloodstream. These communities are constantly changing too. The right hand shares just one sixth of its microbes with the left hand. And, of course, we are surrounded by microbes. Every time we eat, we swallow a million microbes in each gram of food; we are continually swapping microbes with other humans, pets and the world at large.
It’s a fascinating topic and Yong, a young British science journalist, is an extraordinarily adept guide. Writing with lightness and panache, he has a knack of explaining complex science in terms that are both easy to understand and totally enthralling. Yong is on a mission. Leading us gently by the hand, he takes us into the world of microbes – a bizarre, alien planet – in a bid to persuade us to love them as much as he does. By the end, we do.
For most of human history we had no idea that microbes existed. The first man to see these extraordinarily potent creatures was a Dutch lens-maker called Antony van Leeuwenhoek in the 1670s. Using microscopes of his own design that could magnify up to 270 times, he examined a drop of water from a nearby lake and found it teeming with tiny creatures he called ‘animalcules’. It wasn’t until nearly two hundred years later that the research of French biologist Louis Pasteur indicated that some microbes caused disease. It was Pasteur’s ‘germ theory’ that gave bacteria the poor image that endures today.
Yong’s book is in many ways a plea for microbial tolerance, pointing out that while fewer than one hundred species of bacteria bring disease, many thousands more play a vital role in maintaining our health. The book also acknowledges that our attitude towards bacteria is not a simple one. We tend to see the dangers posed by bacteria, yet at the same time we are sold yoghurts and drinks that supposedly nurture ‘friendly’ bacteria. In reality, says Yong, bacteria should not be viewed as either friends or foes, villains or heroes. Instead we should realise we have a symbiotic relationship, that can be mutually beneficial or mutually destructive.
What then do these millions of organisms do? The answer is pretty much everything. New research is now unravelling the ways in which bacteria aid digestion, regulate our immune systems, eliminate toxins, produce vitamins, affect our behaviour and even combat obesity. ‘They actually help us become who we are,’ says Yong. But we are facing a growing problem. Our obsession with hygiene, our overuse of antibiotics and our unhealthy, low-fibre diets are disrupting the bacterial balance and may be responsible for soaring rates of allergies and immune problems, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
The most recent research actually turns accepted norms upside down. For example, there are studies indicating that the excessive use of household detergents and antibacterial products actually destroys the microbes that normally keep the more dangerous germs at bay. Other studies show that keeping a dog as a pet gives children early exposure to a diverse range of bacteria, which may help protect them against allergies later.
The readers of Yong’s book must be prepared for a decidedly unglamorous world. Among the less appealing case studies is one about a fungus that is wiping out entire populations of frogs and that can be halted by a rare microbial bacterium. Another is about squid that carry luminescent bacteria that protect them against predators. However, if you can overcome your distaste for some of the investigations, the reasons for Yong’s enthusiasm become clear. The microbial world is a place of wonder. Already, in an attempt to stop mosquitoes spreading dengue fever – a disease that infects 400 million people a year – mosquitoes are being loaded with a bacterium to block the disease. In the future, our ability to manipulate microbes means we could construct buildings with useful microbes built into their walls to fight off infections. Just imagine a neonatal hospital ward coated in a specially mixed cocktail of microbes so that babies get the best start in life.
Questions 14-16
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 14-16 on your answer sheet.
14 What point does the writer make about microbes in the first paragraph?
A They adapt quickly to their environment.
B The risk they pose has been exaggerated.
C They are more plentiful in animal life than plant life.
D They will continue to exist for longer than the human race.
15 In the second paragraph, the writer is impressed by the fact that
A each species tends to have vastly different microbes.
B some parts of the body contain relatively few microbes.
C the average individual has more microbial cells than human ones.
D scientists have limited understanding of how microbial cells behave.
16 What is the writer doing in the fifth paragraph?
A explaining how a discovery was made
B comparing scientists’ theories about microbes
C describing confusion among scientists
D giving details of how microbes cause disease
Questions 17-20
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-H, below.
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 17-20 on your answer sheet.
We should be more tolerant of microbes
Yong’s book argues that we should be more tolerant of microbes. Many have a beneficial effect, and only a relatively small number lead to 17 ………………… . And although it is misleading to think of microbes as ‘friendly’, we should also stop thinking of them as the enemy. In fact, we should accept that our relationship with microbes is one based on 18 ………………… .
New research shows that microbes have numerous benefits for humans. Amongst other things, they aid digestion, remove poisons, produce vitamins and may even help reduce obesity. However, there is a growing problem. Our poor 19 …………………, our overuse of antibiotics, and our excessive focus on 20 ………………… are upsetting the bacterial balance and may be contributing to the huge increase in allergies and immune system problems.
A solution B partnership C destruction
D exaggeration E cleanliness F regulations
G illness H nutrition
Questions 21-26
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
21 It is possible that using antibacterial products in the home fails to have the desired effect.
22 It is a good idea to ensure that children come into contact with as few bacteria as possible.
23 Yong’s book contains more cause studies than are necessary.
24 The case study about bacteria that prevent squid from being attacked may have limited appeal.
25 Efforts to control dengue fever have been surprisingly successful
26 Microbes that reduce the risk of infection have already been put inside the walls of some hospital wards.
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
How to make wise decisions
Across cultures, wisdom has been considered one of the most revered human qualities. Although the truly wise may seem few and far between, empirical research examining wisdom suggests that it isn’t an exceptional trait possessed by a small handful of bearded philosophers after all – in fact, the latest studies suggest that most of us have the ability to make wise decisions, given the right context.
‘It appears that experiential, situational, and cultural factors are even more powerful in shaping wisdom than previously imagined,’ says Associate Professor Igor Grossmann of the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. ‘Recent empirical findings from cognitive, developmental, social, and personality psychology cumulatively suggest that people’s ability to reason wisely varies dramatically across experiential and situational contexts. Understanding the role of such contextual factors offers unique insights into understanding wisdom in daily life, as well as how it can be enhanced and taught.’
It seems that it’s not so much that some people simply possess wisdom and others lack it, but that our ability to reason wisely depends on a variety of external factors. ‘It is impossible to characterize thought processes attributed to wisdom without considering the role of contextual factors,’ explains Grossmann. ‘In other words, wisdom is not solely an “inner quality” but rather unfolds as a function of situations people happen to be in. Some situations are more likely to promote wisdom than others.’
Coming up with a definition of wisdom is challenging, but Grossmann and his colleagues have identified four key characteristics as part of a framework of wise reasoning. One is intellectual humility or recognition of the limits of our own knowledge, and another is appreciation of perspectives wider than the issue at hand. Sensitivity to the possibility of change in social relations is also key, along with compromise or integration of different attitudes and beliefs.
Grossmann and his colleagues have also found that one of the most reliable ways to support wisdom in our own day-to-day decisions is to look at scenarios from a third-party perspective, as though giving advice to a friend. Research suggests that when adopting a first-person viewpoint we focus on ‘the focal features of the environment’ and when we adopt a third-person, ‘observer’ viewpoint we reason more broadly and focus more on interpersonal and moral ideals such as justice and impartiality. Looking at problems from this more expansive viewpoint appears to foster cognitive processes related to wise decisions.
What are we to do, then, when confronted with situations like a disagreement with a spouse or negotiating a contract at work, that require us to take a personal stake? Grossmann argues that even when we aren’t able to change the situation, we can still evaluate these experiences from different perspectives.
For example, in one experiment that took place during the peak of a recent economic recession, graduating college seniors were asked to reflect on their job prospects. The students were instructed to imagine their career either ‘as if you were a distant observer’ or ‘before your own eyes as if you were right there’. Participants in the group assigned to the ‘distant observer’ role displayed more wisdom-related reasoning (intellectual humility and recognition of change) than did participants in the control group.
In another study, couples in long-term romantic relationships were instructed to visualize an unresolved relationship conflict either through the eyes of an outsider or from their own perspective. Participants then discussed the incident with their partner for 10 minutes, after which they wrote down their thoughts about it. Couples in the ‘other’s eyes’ condition were significantly more likely to rely on wise reasoning – recognizing others’ perspectives and searching for a compromise – compared to the couples in the egocentric condition.
‘Ego-decentering promotes greater focus on others and enables a bigger picture, conceptual view of the experience, affording recognition of intellectual humility and change,’ says Grossmann.
We might associate wisdom with intelligence or particular personality traits, but research shows only a small positive relationship between wise thinking and crystallized intelligence and the personality traits of openness and agreeableness. ‘It is remarkable how much people can vary in their wisdom from one situation to the next, and how much stronger such contextual effects are for understanding the relationship between wise judgment and its social and affective outcomes as compared to the generalized “traits”,’ Grossmann explains. ‘That is, knowing how wisely a person behaves in a given situation is more informative for understanding their emotions or likelihood to forgive [or] retaliate as compared to knowing whether the person may be wise “in general”.’
Questions 27-30
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.
27 What point does the writer make in the first paragraph?
A Wisdom appears to be unique to the human race.
B A basic assumption about wisdom may be wrong.
C Concepts of wisdom may depend on the society we belong to.
D There is still much to be discovered about the nature of wisdom.
28 What does Igor Grossmann suggest about the ability to make wise decisions?
A It can vary greatly from one person to another.
B Earlier research into it was based on unreliable data.
C The importance of certain influences on it was underestimated.
D Various branches of psychology define it according to their own criteria.
29 According to the third paragraph, Grossmann claims that the level of wisdom an individual shows
A can be greater than they think it is.
B will be different in different circumstances.
C may be determined by particular aspects of their personality.
D should develop over time as a result of their life experiences.
30 What is described in the fifth paragraph?
A a difficulty encountered when attempting to reason wisely
B an example of the type of person who is likely to reason wisely
C a controversial view about the benefits of reasoning wisely
D a recommended strategy that can help people to reason wisely
Questions 31-35
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-J, below.
Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 31-35 on your answer sheet.
The characteristics of wise reasoning
Igor Grossmann and colleagues have established four characteristics which enable us to make wise decisions. It is important to have a certain degree of 31 ………………….. regarding the extent of our knowledge, and to take into account 32 ………………….. which may not be the same as our own. We should also be able to take a broad 33 ………………….. of any situation. Another key characteristic is being aware of the likelihood of alterations in the way that people relate to each other.
Grossmann also believes that it is better to regard scenarios with 34 ………………….. . By avoiding the first-person perspective, we focus more on 35 ………………….. and on other moral ideals, which in turn leads to wiser decision-making.
A opinions B confidence C view
D modesty E problems F objectivity
G fairness H experiences I range
J reasons
Questions 36-40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
36 Students participating in the job prospects experiment could choose one of two perspectives to take.
37 Participants in the couples experiment were aware that they were taking part in a study about wise reasoning.
38 In the couples experiments, the length of the couples’ relationships had an impact on the results.
39 In both experiments, the participants who looked at the situation from a more detached viewpoint tended to make wiser decisions.
40 Grossmann believes that a person’s wisdom is determined by their intelligence to only a very limited extent.
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There are additionally newer androgen receptor pathway inhibitors
for patients with sure kinds of superior prostate most cancers.
Possible side effects embody acne, hair progress on the face and physique, male-pattern hair loss, and oily skin. Extreme doses of testosterone can outcome
in irreversible unwanted effects such as enlargement of the clitoris and reducing of the voice.
When a patient of mine decides to cease taking
testosterone, it is not often due to unwanted
effects and almost all the time as a outcome of it simply isn’t working
for her. In Distinction To with estrogen, for which blood ranges are not often required, testosterone
therapy requires being examined to verify yours is in the
best range. When administered through intramuscular injection, testosterone enanthate
has a broader range of approved applications in comparison with other types of injectable testosterone.
Its permitted uses embrace addressing delayed puberty in adolescents, treating adult men with low testosterone (hypogonadism), and aiding adult ladies with metastatic breast cancer.
For men with low testosterone, injections
assist restore these processes and improve overall well-being.
Testosterone is crucial for maintaining many aspects of physical and psychological well being.
When ranges are inside the regular range, men typically feel energetic, robust, and wholesome.
Nonetheless, when testosterone levels drop,
it could possibly lead to a variety of well being issues.
These problems may not only have an effect on a man’s
physique but also his emotional well-being and relationships.
This medication might increase the danger of prostate cancer,
especially in older men. Make positive your physician knows if you have prostate most cancers, or if anyone in your family has prostate most cancers.
If you’re serious about beginning this remedy, it’s important to know what
to expect. This part will walk you thru the method,
together with how injections are given, the frequency of therapy,
and how you can work with your healthcare supplier to get probably the most
out of your remedy. Once prescribed, testosterone
injections are sometimes administered both by a healthcare professional or by
the patient themselves after receiving proper coaching.
The injections are given right into a muscle, usually in the thigh or buttock,
where the testosterone is absorbed into the bloodstream.
The course of is straightforward, though the frequency of injections can range.
Acceptable research have not been carried out on the relationship
of age to the effects of Aveed® or Xyosted™ within the pediatric population. This drugs is to be given solely by or under the direct supervision of your physician. The Aveed® brand is
simply out there under a restricted distribution program known as the Aveed® REMS program.
Out There also as brand name Depo-Testosterone, testosterone
cypionate is a standard kind of injectable testosterone.
It’s an intramuscular injection that’s administered into the buttocks every two to 4 weeks.
For many men, the largest benefit of testosterone therapy is
an improved intercourse drive. But there are
different advantages related to muscle growth and body mass,
which high-performance athletes and physical trainers acknowledge.
The FDA approved testosterone as substitute therapy just for males who have low testosterone levels from issues that trigger hypogonadism.
That is not the identical factor as a man who’s diagnosed with Low T, and is looking for help to
boost this hormone degree in his physique following blood testing.
In this case, authorized testosterone injections might be authorized for use by the
prescribing physician.
Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse can lead to
severe cardiovascular and psychiatric antagonistic
reactions (see DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE).
Throughout exogenous administration of androgens, endogenous
testosterone release is inhibited via feedback inhibition of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH).
At giant doses of exogenous androgens, spermatogenesis may be suppressed
through feedback inhibition of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
Xyosted is a model name model of this treatment, and
it’s given subcutaneously. The really helpful dose of Xyosted is
75 mg a week, self-administered. Harvard Well Being emphasizes that TRT ought to be tailored
to the person and revisited incessantly to minimize dangers and
optimize outcomes. Yes, TRT has been stated to
lower sperm count, particularly if taken without precautions.
That is one reason why some males are prescribed hCG
(human chorionic gonadotropin) alongside TRT to maintain testicular function and fertility potential.
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Testosterone transdermal patches, including Androderm, come as patches to apply to the skin.
Patches work finest when applied across the
similar time each night and are left in place
for twenty-four hours.
This variability can be attributed to the multifactorial nature of ED, the place psychological factors, vascular health, and other hormones also play critical roles.
Physical modifications, corresponding to elevated muscle mass and a discount in fat mass, sometimes
require more time, usually turning into noticeable after a quantity of months
of constant therapy. Equally, improvements in bone density, which might play a vital role in preventing osteoporosis,
might only be detectable on bone density scans after 6
months to a yr of remedy. From a psychological perspective, testosterone therapy can result in improvements in temper,
energy ranges, and sense of vitality. Males undergoing remedy often report a decrease in feelings of depression and fatigue, which in turn can lead to a
more active and engaged life-style. This increase
in mood and vitality can have a cascading constructive effect on personal relationships, work performance, and general life satisfaction.
Congestive coronary heart failure.Males with severe congestive coronary heart failure
ought to generally not take testosterone alternative, as it might possibly worsen the condition. This could come in a
foil packet or from a pump or twist-off bottle.
Testosterone is absorbed directly via the pores and skin when you apply the clear gel as quickly as
a day. You usually rub this on your shoulders, upper arms,
or thighs, depending on the instructions on the medication. Be cautious about
letting children or female loved ones contact the
treated space or touch unwashed garments that have been in touch with the gel,
as testosterone may get transferred to them. A girl usually will get a testosterone take a look at when the doctor suspects she has an abnormally excessive testosterone
level (as opposed to a low level).
One of essentially the most immediate and noticeable
benefits of testosterone remedy is the improvement in sexual perform.
This consists of elevated libido, higher erectile operate,
and in some circumstances, elevated sexual satisfaction. These adjustments can considerably influence a person’s
relationship and general sense of well-being. Testosterone
remedy pictures are a strong device in the management of hypogonadism,
offering hope and improved high quality of life to many men suffering from low testosterone levels.
However, like any medical remedy, they require careful consideration and monitoring to maximize benefits and minimize risks.
If you stop testosterone injections, your body’s testosterone levels could return to the low ranges they had been before therapy.
Symptoms of low testosterone, similar to fatigue and
decreased muscle mass, may return.
Ganz ohne Nebenwirkungen kommt die Testosteronersatztherapie nicht aus.
Zudem sollte sie stets unter ärztlicher Aufsicht erfolgen, um Folgeschäden beispielsweise an der Prostata auszuschließen. Bei professioneller Begleitung und
guter Einstellung gilt die Testosteronersatztherapie jedoch als äußert sicher und kann das
Wohlbefinden der Betroffenen ganzheitlich verbessern. Die langzeitwirksame sogenannte Depot-Spritze ist hierbei deutlich kostengünstiger
und angenehmer für den Patienten.
Aufgrund der langen Wirksamkeit wird diese Artwork der Testosteron-Ersatztherapie als besonders bequem empfunden. Aufgrund
der starken Nebenwirkungen sind Pflaster seit
geraumer Zeit in Deutschland nicht mehr erhältlich. Für die Benutzung muss daher auf internationale Apotheken zurückgegriffen werden. Die Nachteile
erklären, warum viele Männer mit einem Testosteronmangel mittlerweile auf Gels zurückgreifen. Es handelt sich
dabei um verestertes wann bekommt man testosteron Verschrieben
(“Testosteron-Undecanoat”). Da jede Person Testosteron unterschiedlich schnell absorbiert, erfolgt auch hier die
Injektion nach Bedarf.
Hormonelle Schwankungen oder überhöhte Dosierungen verstärken diese Effekte (Chahla et al.,
2011). Die Kapseln werden oral eingenommen und durch die Lymphbahnen direkt in den Blutkreislauf geleitet,
um die Leber zu entlasten. Da sie die Leber passieren müssen, kann ihre Bioverfügbarkeit stark
eingeschränkt sein. Dies erhöht das Risiko für Leberschäden und
führt häufig zu einer ungleichmäßigen Hormonversorgung.
Diese Veränderungen fördern nicht nur das Körperbewusstsein, sondern tragen auch zu einer besseren physischen und psychischen Gesundheit bei.
Um jedoch die Risiken, die mit der Einnahme von Testosteron einhergehen, zu minimieren,
sollte die Therapie stets unter ärztlicher Aufsicht durchgeführt werden.
So kann sichergestellt werden, dass sowohl die medizinischen als auch die wirtschaftlichen Aspekte der Testosteron-Verordnung verantwortungsvoll und nachhaltig gehandhabt werden. Stellt
ein Endokrinologe oder Androloge (Männerfacharzt)
einen Testosteronmangel fest, kann er zu einer Ersatztherapie raten. Die Behandlung erfolgt meist mittels spezieller
Gels, die täglich beispielsweise auf Unterarm, Bauch oder Oberschenkel aufgetragen werden.
Es ist ratsam, sich vorher mit einem Arzt auszutauschen,
um die persönlichen Bedürfnisse und Ziele zu klären. Realistische Erwartungen bezüglich der
möglichen Vorteile und Nebenwirkungen der Testosterontherapie sind ebenfalls von großer Bedeutung.
Testosteron ist nicht nur ein Förderer von Muskelmasse; es hat auch eine wesentliche Bedeutung für
das allgemeine Wohlbefinden und die Gesundheit. Für eine hormonelle Substitutionstherapie mit Testosteron wird in jedem Fall ein Rezept benötigt und
demnach eine Untersuchung beim Facharzt vorausgesetzt.
Unbedingt Abstand zu nehmen ist von diversen unseriösen Anbietern, die kein Rezept verlangen (einige Internetanbieter).
Die Pflaster werden täglich auf saubere, fettfreie Hautstellen (Bauch, Rücken oder Oberschenkel) geklebt.
Sie geben kontinuierlich Testosteron über die Haut ab und sorgen für
einen stabilen Spiegel. Sie gelten jedoch als unterlegene Therapieform, da sie häufiger zu Hautreizungen und Problemen mit
der Haftung führen. Testosteroninjektionen werden direkt in den Muskel (intramuskulär) verabreicht.
Die Folgen des Testosteronmangels werden auch als Hypogonadismus bezeichnet.
Ein weiterer wichtiger Schritt ist die Prüfung Ihres Versicherungsvertrages.
Die Bedingungen und Leistungen können stark variieren, je nachdem,
welche PKV Sie gewählt haben. Schauen Sie sich die Details zu Arzneimittelübernahme,
Behandlungen und besonderen Leistungen an. Vielleicht finden Sie sogar spezielle Klauseln zur TRT, die Ihnen bei der
Kostenübernahme helfen könnten. Wenn Sie Zweifel haben, zögern Sie nicht, den Kundenservice Ihrer Versicherung zu kontaktieren. So ist Larry
Wheels, der sich derzeit für einen Start in der
Classic Physique vorbereitet, nach jahrelangem Steroidgebrauch auf eine Ersatztherapie umgestiegen.
Testogel ist eine Mischung aus Testosteron und Ethanol (zur besseren Resorption) und wird
in der Regel, abends und morgens auf die Haut (Oberarme, Bauch oder
Oberschenkel) aufgetragen. Viele Männer fühlen sich lustlos, leiden unter Erektionsproblemen, Herzrasen oder Hitzewallungen. Aber
nicht nur Herzrasen kann bei Testosteronmangel
entstehen, sondern sogar ernsthafte Herzkrankheiten können die Folge sein(10).
Das Spritzen von Testosteron, bei dem in den Muskel gespritzt wird(10), soll
nicht nur für mehr Muskelmasse sorgen, es soll zudem auch zu besserem Sex verhelfen.
Lebensjahr herum den Testosteron-Spiegel zu bestimmen, um später eine pathologische Entwicklung besser erfassen zu können. Die
Präparate stehen zudem in Verdacht, Krebs, Thrombose, Schlaganfall und Herzinfarkt verursachen zu
können. „Bis zu 40 Prozent der über 50-Jährigen haben in der Prostata kleine
schlummernde Krebsherde”, erklärt Hormonexperte Reincke. „Künstliches Testosteron kann unter Umständen das Wachstum dieser Herde anfachen. Alle Testosteron-Medikamente sind rezeptpflichtig und können mit gültigem Rezept in einer Apotheke gekauft werden.
Die Ärztin/der Arzt prüft zunächst, ob klinische Symptome für einen Testosteronmangel vorliegen. Die Blutabnahme zur Messung des Testosteron muss morgens erfolgen, da der Testosteronspiegel bei Männern in der Früh erhöht ist. Für viele Männer ist der erste Ansprechpartner der Hausarzt oder der Urologe. Unabhängig von der Wahl des Arztes ist es wichtig, sich intestine vorzubereiten. Bringen Sie alle relevanten medizinischen Unterlagen mit, um eine zielgerichtete Untersuchung und mögliche Behandlungsansätze zu diskutieren.
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Spécialiste de l’histoire du sport et des questions de genre, elle est
notamment l’autrice de Le take a look at de féminité dans
les compétitions sportives. J’ai eu des
couples où la conjointe s’est plainte qu’elle préférait son mari Quand
Le Taux De TestostéRone Est-Il Le Plus éLevé Chez Les Femmes (Jobs-Classifieds.Com) il avait une testo basse,
parce qu’il était plus tranquille, plus doux. Un examen pelvien est
effectué si la pénétration pendant l’activité sexuelle provoque une douleur.
Il existe de nombreuses façons naturelles de se débarrasser des signes visibles de l’acné.
Par exemple, l’huile d’arbre à thé contient des propriétés antimicrobiennes qui
peuvent aider à nettoyer votre peau des bactéries qui causent l’acné ,
et est l’une des meilleures huiles essentielles pour traiter l’acné .
“Ces déséquilibres hormonaux peuvent parfois passer inaperçus mais ont des conséquences d’une grande portée sur la santé d’une femme”, prévient le Dr Ruth Williams, endocrinologue.
“Le SOPK est souvent une cause d’infertilité principale chez les femmes, et la testostérone élevée est un coupable clé”,
déclare le Dr Lisa Parker, spécialiste de la fertilité.
«Les symptômes physiques peuvent être assez pénibles et entraîner souvent une stigmatisation sociale», explique le Dr Olivia Smith, dermatologue subi
dans le traitement des affections cutanées hormonales.
En juillet 2015, le TAS lui donne raison et demande à l’IAAF de suspendre son règlement, pointant un manque
de « preuves scientifiques » attestant de l’impact
du taux de testostérone sur la efficiency sportive. En juillet 2017, l’IAAF publie une
étude basée sur plus de individus qui conclut à une corrélation entre taux de testostérone et performances dans certaines disciplines.
Cette étude est fortement critiquée parce qu’elle présente plusieurs biais
qui font douter de la robustesse des résultats.
Les auteurs ont d’ailleurs publié en 2021 un rectificatif reconnaissant le caractère
exploratoire de leur travail et leur manque d’informations pour conclure à un réel avantage chez les personnes présentant un taux
de testostérone élevé.
Dans cet article, nous explorerons les différents features de la testostérone chez les femmes, y compris son rôle, ses effets et les moyens d’optimiser ses niveaux naturellement.
Pour stimuler naturellement la manufacturing de testostérone chez les
femmes, il est recommandé de pratiquer une musculation régulière, en combinant à
la fois des exercices de force et des exercices cardiovasculaires.
Le renforcement musculaire, associé à une
alimentation équilibrée et un mode de vie sain, peut aider les femmes à
atteindre leurs objectifs de prise de masse
musculaire tout en préservant leur féminité et leur équilibre hormonal.
En cas de déséquilibre hormonal, un traitement médical approprié peut être recommandé pour corriger les niveaux de testostérone.
Cela peut inclure l’utilisation de médicaments hormonaux
tels que des contraceptifs oraux, des hormones de substitution ou des inhibiteurs de
l’aromatase.
Cependant, il est important de consulter un professionnel de la santé avant d’ajouter des
compléments alimentaires à votre routine. Maintenir un poids santé peut
avoir un influence positif sur les symptômes liés à un déséquilibre hormonal.
Une perte de poids de 5 à 10 % peut améliorer les symptômes du SOPK,
réduire les niveaux de testostérone et prévenir des issues comme l’infertilité.
La diminution progressive de la production de testostérone peut alors accentuer certains
symptômes comme la fatigue ou la baisse de libido.
Un suivi médical permet d’adapter la prise en cost selon les besoins spécifiques de chaque femme.
Les traitements hormonaux substitutifs peuvent inclure un complément en testostérone dans certains cas précis.
Les variations hormonales durant le cycle menstruel
influencent naturellement les niveaux de testostérone.
L’adoption d’une alimentation équilibrée et
d’une activité physique régulière contribue également à maintenir un bon équilibre hormonal.
Certains nutriments comme le zinc et le magnésium participent à la régulation naturelle de la production de
testostérone. Il est necessary de souligner que des niveaux équilibrés de testostérone sont nécessaires chez les femmes pour un fonctionnement optimum de
l’organisme.
Elle joue également un rôle dans la santé cardiovasculaire, la cognition et l’humeur.
Le taux de testostérone fluctue normalement au cours de la journée, voire de l’heure, et non de manière cyclique au cours d’un mois (environ),
comme le font les hormones sexuelles féminines.
Les hommes en bonne santé ont rarement un taux de testostérone trop bas, d’après École de médecine de Harvard, bien que la testostérone diminuer naturellement dans le cadre de la
le processus de vieillissement [1].
La prise de poids peut être à la fois une cause et un symptôme pour lequel certaines femmes
ont une testostérone plus élevée que d’autres femmes.
Il est naturel que votre corps produise des niveaux de testostérone
plus élevés que d’habitude pendant la grossesse. Les hormones sexuelles en excès comme la testostérone sont
également appelées hyperandrogénisme. Parce que
la DHEA est un précurseur de la testostérone, l’idée est que si quelqu’un prend de la DHEA,
il pourrait augmenter la quantité de testostérone dans son corps.
Parlez-en à votre médecin avant de commencer un supplément de DHEA pour le traitement de la baisse de
testostérone.
Des déséquilibres hormonaux peuvent causer des troubles de l’humeur, notamment la dépression et l’anxiété.
Il me semble également urgent de mettre fin à l’idée selon laquelle réguler de prétendus avantages naturels servirait à protéger la catégorie femmes.
Ces pratiques risquent de créer des divisions et d’entretenir des inégalités au sein des
sportives elles-mêmes. Il est important d’admettre que,
dans toutes les catégories, il existe des athlètes
aux caractéristiques physiologiques et biologiques hors normes.
D’autres nutriments ont montré des effets bien plus
concluants dans des études cliniques. Certaines huiles végétales
riches en acides gras oméga-6 pourraient influencer les niveaux
de testostérone. Une étude publiée dans l’Asian Journal of Andrology a
montré qu’un régime riche en graisses polyinsaturées, en particulier en acides gras oméga-6, était associé à des niveaux de testostérone plus faibles chez les hommes.
Une étude publiée dans Scientific Endocrinology a montré que l’ingestion de glucose entraînait une diminution significative des niveaux de testostérone chez les
hommes. La menthe, qu’il s’agisse de la menthe poivrée ou
de la menthe verte, pourrait avoir des effets inattendus sur la testostérone.
Une étude publiée dans “Phytotherapy Research” a montré que le thé à la menthe verte diminuait
significativement les niveaux de testostérone libre chez les femmes atteintes d’hirsutisme.
Le pollen d’abeille doit être conservé dans un endroit frais et sombre,
comme un garde-manger, un réfrigérateur ou un congélateur, et à l’abri
de la lumière directe du soleil. La prise de pollen d’abeille avec de la warfarine (Coumadin) peut augmenter le risque de contusions ou
de saignements. Malgré ses nombreux atouts, la consommation quotidienne de pollen d’abeille
n’est pas sans risques. C’est cette variété que nous vous conseillons, comme ce pollen d’abeille d’origine one hundred % bio.
On pense qu’il présente un certain nombre d’avantages sur différents paramètres physiologiques.
En médecine traditionnelle chinoise (MTC), le pollen d’abeille est utilisé pour nourrir le sang, soutenir l’énergie (Qi) et renforcer l’immunité.
Il est souvent prescrit en cas de fatigue, de digestion difficile
et de déséquilibre émotionnel. Le pollen de pin, également connu sous le nom de pollen de pin maritime, est une substance récoltée à partir des
cônes mâles des pins.
C’est pourquoi je m’intéresse de près à
ce type de complément, tout en restant vigilante quant à leur efficacité réelle et leur sécurité.
Plongeons dans les recherches scientifiques pour démêler le vrai du faux sur les effets du pollen d’abeille sur la santé reproductive des
hommes. Le soja et ses dérivés ont longtemps été au cœur de débats concernant
leurs effets sur les hormones. Une méta-analyse publiée
dans “Fertility and Sterility” n’a trouvé aucun effet significatif du
soja sur la testostérone chez les hommes. Ses antioxydants et
sa richesse en minéraux comme le zinc et le sélénium renforcent les défenses
naturelles du corps.
Le pollen de pin est un complément alimentaire de plus en plus utilisé
pour ses différents bienfaits. Le pollen d’abeille a une teneur très élevée
en protéines qui constitue la principale source de protéines pour toute la colonie d’abeilles.
Environ 40% du pollen d’abeille est constitué de protéines qui servent de nourriture aux
jeunes abeilles. Outre les protéines, il contient également des glucides, des vitamines, des minéraux, des acides aminés et des enzymes.
Environ one hundred sorts d’enzymes actives et
20 varieties différents d’acides aminés Quels sont les symptômes d’un taux élevé de testostérone chez les hommes ? disponibles dans ce super-aliment naturel.
En raison de sa riche valeur nutritive, le pollen d’abeille est souvent consommé par beaucoup.
C’est aussi en transportant ces pollens qu’elles assurent la pollinisation des fleurs,
et donc, leur copy. Plusieurs études sur les
animaux montrent que le foin au pollen d’abeille aide à protéger le foie
contre les dommages et pourrait même aider à réparer les dommages causés au foie par l’alcoolisme et la consommation de drogues.
Le principal danger est celui des réactions allergiques, qui peuvent être sévères
chez les personnes allergiques au pollen ou aux piqûres d’abeilles.
Il peut également interagir avec certains médicaments, notamment les anticoagulants.
De plus, le pollen d’abeille peut parfois contenir des contaminants environnementaux comme des pesticides ou des
métaux lourds, d’où l’importance de choisir un fournisseur de confiance.
Hautement bénéfique à la flore intestinale, le pollen d’abeille régule
aussi votre système immunitaire. Il contient plus d’acides aminés que la viande de
bœuf, les œufs ou le fromage à poids égal. Il a une
haute teneur en nutriments que l’on ne trouve pas
dans les autres aliments d’origine animale. Le pollen, soigneusement butiné de fleur en fleur par les
abeilles, possède une haute teneur en protéines. Ce précieux trésor de la nature se présente sous forme de petites granules jaunes
ou orangées.
En raison de ses effets sur la testostérone et de sa composition nutritive,
le pollen de pin est devenu populaire parmi les adeptes de la musculation et du health.
Les phytoandrogènes et les brassinostéroïdes présents dans le
pollen de pin favorisent la croissance musculaire et la récupération après l’entraînement.
Les recommandations de dosage varient en fonction du produit et de
la focus en pollen de pin. Il est crucial de suivre les instructions du fabricant pour obtenir les meilleurs résultats.
Une session avec un professionnel de la santé peut également aider à déterminer le dosage approprié.
Le pollen de pin est disponible sous forme de complément alimentaire,
généralement sous forme de capsules ou de poudre.
Il peut être intégré facilement dans l’alimentation en le prenant
avec de l’eau ou en l’ajoutant à des smoothies, des yaourts, ou d’autres plats.
Le pollen d’abeille est récolté par les abeilles et conditionné en granules,
constituant une riche source de nutriments pour la ruche.
Vous l’avez compris, le pollen de pin aura des effets
positifs mais il ne s’agit pas du complément le plus efficace
pour la musculation et la testostérone. En revanche,
sa puissant capacité antioxydante et anti-inflammatoire et son augmentation des niveaux d’énergie peuvent être intéressant pour certaines personnes.
La gestion du stress est un autre side permettant de
maintenir un équilibre hormonal optimum. Des techniques comme la
méditation, le yoga ou la respiration profonde peuvent aider à
réduire le cortisol, l’hormone du stress, qui
peut interférer avec la production de testostérone.
Le pollen de pin a été utilisé traditionnellement dans certaines
cultures pour ses propriétés bénéfiques sur la
santé. Il était considéré comme un tonique naturel, contribuant à la vitalité et au bien-être général.
De même, si votre objectif est uniquement une prise de
masse musculaire, vous aurez le choix entre les boosters de testostérone cités plus
haut ou des bloqueurs de myostatine. Le pollen de pin contient à l’état naturel de la testostérone brute en faible quantité ainsi que plusieurs autres hormones androgènes.
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In conclusion, PFS24 was identified as an important prognostic marker in PCNSL.
Sufferers who achieve PFS24 have a good prognosis, whereas those that don’t face poor outcomes and require progressive therapy approaches.
This perception could assist in risk stratification and support using PFS24 as a surrogate endpoint in scientific
trials. Widespread side effects embody pimples, fluid retention, testicular shrinkage, mood swings,
and elevated purple blood cell depend.
With a median follow-up of 48 months, the 2-year PFS
and OS charges were 50.4% and 65.6%, respectively.
Of the 139 patients evaluable for PFS24-analysis, 51.1% reached PFS24, with a subsequent 5-year
OS of 96.7%. Of observe, the annual hazard fee for progression and dying decreased to beneath 5%
after 24 months, remaining stable thereafter. Key predictors of PFS failure included impaired Karnofsky performance standing and remedy dose-reduction.
These early check-ups are essential because they allow the
physician to evaluate whether or not your testosterone ranges are rising
to the desired range. Your physician will in all probability ask
how you’re feeling and whether you’re experiencing any
unwanted facet effects, corresponding to mood
swings, tiredness, or modifications in vitality ranges. When beginning testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), discovering the right dosage is crucial.
To stay healthy and protected, it’s essential to understand the risks of improper
dosing. Testosterone levels play a important function in determining the starting dose for TRT.
TRT can provide many advantages, including increased vitality,
improved temper, and enhanced sexual function. It is significant
to debate both the advantages and risks with your doctor so as to weigh
them rigorously. Similarly, when you expertise unwanted effects corresponding to pimples, hair loss, or irritability,
this could be a sign that your testosterone levels are too
high.
Imatinib, a TKI known for its antitumor activity, has proven promise in interfering with the entry and survival of
M.tb in macrophages. Preclinical research in M.tb-infected
mice have demonstrated that imatinib decreased granulomatous lesions and bacterial
load. It also demonstrated efficacy in opposition to antibiotic-resistant strains by promoting autophagy, doubtlessly contributing
to M.tb clearance and decreasing the risk of drug-resistant
ailments [68]. Some males report temper swings, irritability, or a short temper,
particularly in the initial weeks of therapy. These shifts are often an indication that the dosage
may have adjusting or that the physique is
still stabilizing. Noticing modifications in your body can sign that it’s time to evaluate your TRT dosage.
Fatigue creeping again into your life could
be a purple flag, indicating that testosterone
levels aren’t the place they should be.
Youthful males who want TRT because of medical situations might
require totally different dosages than older men who’re experiencing age-related testosterone decline.
Older men may have lower doses because their our bodies process testosterone differently in comparability with youthful males.
When men have low testosterone ranges, they’ll experience a wide range of symptoms, together with
decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and weight gain.
The purpose of TRT is to convey testosterone levels again to a standard vary,
which can help improve symptoms like low power, poor mood,
and decreased sexual operate. One Other important aspect of testosterone therapy dosage is understanding the different types
of TRT out there. Testosterone may be administered in a number of methods, together with
injections, patches, gels, and even pellets implanted under the skin.
If your testosterone ranges are below the specified vary, it might point out that your dosage needs to be elevated.
Conversely, if your ranges are above the upper limit, your
dosage may be too high. It’s also important to note that testosterone ranges can fluctuate throughout the day, so the timing of your blood test can have an effect Of steroids On body (cyltalentohumano.com) on the results.
Most doctors advocate taking the take a look at in the morning when testosterone levels are usually at their
peak. Relying in your response to remedy, your physician might recommend blood exams each few months, especially in the first
year of therapy. Over time, as your levels stabilize, the frequency
of exams may decrease, but ongoing monitoring stays essential.
For those with more experience and a steady TRT routine,
dosages might range from a hundred and fifty to
200 mg per week.
A healthy diet helps overall well being, and
it might possibly improve the consequences of TRT,
serving to you are feeling stronger, extra energetic, and mentally sharp.
A balanced diet that is wealthy in nutrients helps your
physique operate properly, which incorporates the absorption and effectiveness of testosterone.
Certain nutrients, corresponding to zinc, magnesium,
and vitamin D, are especially necessary for testosterone production. On the opposite hand, men who are
at a healthy weight or are more muscular may want a lower dosage as a end result of their
bodies can use testosterone more effectively.
Muscle tissue absorbs testosterone well, and leaner males sometimes have much less estrogen conversion, so that they
usually don’t need as a lot testosterone to see constructive results.
A patch is utilized to your skin, usually in your again, stomach, or thighs,
and it releases testosterone slowly over 24 hours.
The largest difference between gels and injections is how testosterone
is absorbed.
If you wonder whether testosterone remedy might be best for you, speak together with
your physician about the risks and advantages. Your doctor will probably measure your testosterone ranges a
minimal of twice before recommending testosterone remedy. For nearly all
of men, testosterone substitute remedy is between 1 cc and zero.four cc’s
of testosterone 200mg/ml every week. For some men, higher doses of testosterone alternative therapy may be essential.
For these males, it’s best to seek the assistance of with a physician or other medical professional.
Many males find that 200 is definitely a but an excessive quantity of and provides them supernatural levels of testosterone.
One major issue influencing bottom growth is the quantity of testosterone you’re taking.
Whether utilizing testosterone, lotions, or pumps, everybody has a
novel experience. Testosterone gels comprise a high percentage of alcohol, which might irritate your
genitals. Though you can purchase DHT creams online, it’s advisable to
use them under the supervision of a licensed gender-affirming care
professional. If you are considering using a clitoral
pump, there are some things you must bear in mind.
This treatment will make the pores and skin that traces
the vagina thinner and can also change your vaginal pH and susceptibility to infections.
It might take longer to really feel “turned on” and lubricated in the way you’re used to.
If you practice penetrative sex, condoms, gloves, or other barriers will
assist shield you from the elevated danger of STI transmission. Thicker lubricant or a
longer-lasting silicone lube could make intercourse extra comfy for you.
Many individuals may have heard about using testosterone as a
way to realize clitoral enlargement, but not everyone seems to be snug with utilizing hormones
or wants to take that route. Fortuitously, there are alternative strategies
and treatments obtainable to achieve clitoral enlargement without testosterone.
Mollard et al. (34) reported on the potential complication of
glans atrophy following subtotal or complete shaft resection. Alizai et al.
(58) in their report of 14 youngsters at a imply age of 13 years found that four had experienced atrophy of the glans
clitoris. This discovering underscores the significance
of safeguarding the vascularity of the glans. Many authors have emphasized the significance of minimizing traction on the neurovascular bundle in order to
attenuate vasospasm (59). Boccardi et al. reported no evidence
of glans atrophy utilizing the Passerini approach (ESPU London, 1996).
To our information, this is the primary examine to report PROMIS SexFS outcomes for transgender males, and
considered one of few studies to examine the association between testosterone use and vulvovaginal ache.
This examine has several strengths, together
with a big, nationwide pattern of transgender participants who were various with respect to their
age, gender id, and sexual orientations.
It is essential for people to totally discuss their objectives and expectations with their
healthcare provider before beginning testosterone remedy.
Whereas the majority of people will experience a discount in clitoral size and a return to their original look after stopping
testosterone remedy, it is crucial to manage expectations.
The diploma of reversibility may be influenced by numerous factors, such as the period of testosterone use, individual
hormone levels, and genetic components. As the clitoris grows in dimension, it may turn into extra outstanding and
prolong further from the physique. The progress is usually gradual,
and individuals might discover a gradual enhance in sensitivity and erectile potential.
It is essential to note that there’s a limit to the quantity of development
that may be achieved through testosterone therapy alone.
Clitoral Doppler parameters could be influenced by metabolic alterations, as beforehand revealed by our group [22].
In specific, we observed that metabolic syndrome, weight problems and insulin resistance negatively have an result on those Doppler parameters [22].
Nevertheless, in the current examine insulin resistance and glyco-metabolic parameters, in addition to BMI, were not different among the many four
subgroups.
Feminine bodybuilders have long been shrouded in myths and misconceptions, with one of the most intriguing but
misunderstood elements being their clits. The clit, a powerhouse of delight and power, is a key factor in the female bodybuilder’s journey towards
bodily and mental empowerment. Contrary to in style
belief, the clit does not hinder a woman’s muscular growth
however somewhat enhances it via increased blood flow and sensitivity.
In this weblog, we delve deep into the fascinating world
of girls bodybuilder clits, debunking myths and celebrating the unique
energy they maintain. Join us as we explore the intersection of femininity, strength, and sexual empowerment in the realm of female bodybuilding.
In some instances, clitoral progress from testosterone may end up in a noticeable improve in measurement.
However, you will want to manage expectations and
perceive that clitoral growth may not all the time be important or result in a penis-like construction. It is essential to note that clitoral development just isn’t a assured aspect impact of testosterone remedy, and not all individuals who endure this
treatment will experience it.
The influence of individual components, such because the duration of testosterone use and the extent of
clitoral enlargement, can impression the finish result.
It is important to consult with a healthcare supplier for correct data and steerage concerning the potential
reversibility of clitoral enlargement after discontinuing testosterone
therapy. In abstract, the timeline for clitoral enlargement after starting testosterone remedy can range from several months
to a yr. Increased sensitivity may be observed within the first few months, whereas precise development
in size may take longer. It is significant to be patient
and do not neglect that each individual’s experience might be
unique.
However, it’s essential to notice that using testosterone in this method is unlawful and unethical.
Testosterone triggers the development of the male internal and exterior reproductive organs during
fetal development. In both instances, sex therapist Angela Watson (aka Physician Climax) says you need to search medical
attention.
References:
Sustanon steroid side effects
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Ostarine, also called MK-2866 or Enobosarm, is often considered the
golden youngster of SARMs. It’s one of the well-researched compounds in the bunch, making it
a popular selection for each newbies and skilled users.
That’s why it’s typically used throughout bulking phases quite than chopping.
These products are inexpensive, simple to find, and designed to provide the benefits of
steroids with out the harmful side effects. The distinctive blend of potent ingredients additionally
accelerates the fat-burning process in the physique, reduces bodily pain, and enhances the quicker recovery process after intense training periods.
Legal steroids on the market are protected and pure
alternate options to anabolic steroids that
provide similar outcomes with out the chance. In this submit, we are going to explore the best legal steroids for
muscle growth which were extensively researched and proven efficient by professionals within the bodybuilding trade.
You will really feel more energetic, have higher sleep high quality, improved mental clarity
and focus, and lowered stress ranges. This is where
HGH-X² is available in as the proper solution to growing your HGH
ranges. This is why Clenbutrol by CrazyBulk is the right alternative steroid
without unwanted facet effects for Clenbuterol.
Winsol additionally helps enhance strength, power, and agility so you could get essentially the most out of your workouts.
The above cycle shall be much less troublesome compared to
Anadrol and testosterone stacked together, nevertheless, it’s going to almost match
the energy and measurement positive aspects.
Deca is a slow-acting steroid, thus is normally
cycled for as a lot as 10 weeks, allowing
enough time for it to peak in the bloodstream and have an impact.
And with deca you won’t retain much water both, making it a very aesthetic steroid,
perfect for ‘lean bulking’. So whenever you take deca you won’t be enjoying Russian roulette together with your well being such
as you would possibly with other bulking compounds corresponding to anadrol.
This means your positive aspects might be more about lean muscle
and fewer about puffiness. It’s one of many causes Deca Durabolin evaluations are
typically optimistic. If you’re after large muscles with insane thickness,
Deca Durabolin is your go-to.
Blood stress is unlikely to elevate to high ranges, as testosterone solely has a mild impact on ldl cholesterol values.
Nonetheless, novices could want to get a checkup with their doctor before starting their first cycle to make
sure their blood stress just isn’t initially excessive.
Sustanon 250 just isn’t inherently the best type of testosterone,
as some people claim.
Beginners eager to cycle testosterone might run dosages wherever as a lot as 350 mg for 7
weeks. Testosterone causes aromatization; thus,
high ranges of testosterone are converted into estrogen. This can result in water retention,
causing a bloated or smooth look to the muscular tissues.
Sustanon 250 contains a combination of fast- and slow-acting esters, inflicting users to expertise quick outcomes that persist
into the latter levels of a cycle.
Modeled after Dianabol, D-Bal incorporates amino acids and other natural compounds to
reinforce muscle protein synthesis, main to better muscle improvement.
SR9009 Stenabolic is a modification of a non-steroidal SARM that appears to hold the magical property of accelerating one’s endurance while at
the identical time enhancing the extent of fats disintegration. This SARM can finest be utilized by any athlete who wants to study and increase his efficiency.
Authorized steroids are dietary supplements which are legal to buy and use in most countries,
together with the UK.
Both compounds have earned devoted followings within the performance enhancement world, but
for very totally different reasons. One is widely considered as one of many safest steroid pill (https://itkvariat.com/user/dustcover04) oral steroids obtainable, whereas the
opposite is thought to be one of many strongest
and most poisonous. An improve in strength, endurance, and stamina coupled with
speedy restoration permits our physique to maximise muscle-building potential and gain extra muscle mass.
Secure and pure ingredients make HGH X2 one of many most secure and authorized progress
hormone boosters. However, few individuals may experience adverse effects for various causes.
Some of the best legal steroids for bulkingare reviewed under
with detailed information on working, dosage, elements, and
potential unwanted aspect effects.
Here are 2 brands that offer related results to PED’s without the legality or well
being implications.. Though Sustanon 250 isn’t an excessively toxic steroid, it does require injections, subsequently customers need to
be very cautious. A misplaced injection could lead to somebody being paralyzed or even worse (death).
Other testosterone esters, similar to cypionate, enanthate
and propionate will produce related outcomes to sustanon 250.
However, every of those different testosterone esters will kick in at completely different instances.
HGH’s advantages prolong past physique enhancement and
embody advantages to the joints, pores and skin, bones, recovery, sleep, and temper.
Unlike testosterone, which most steroids
are based mostly on, HGH is not a male hormone, and which means females
can use HGH simply as equally as males without the adverse
results that steroids trigger. Remedy of HGH deficiency
is likely considered one of the primary medical uses for artificial progress hormone.
HGH can also be used to assist with muscle wasting-related situations like
HIV, where the affected person can otherwise struggle to
maintain and gain lean muscle weight.
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