Cambridge 10 Reading Test 03
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism
A
Travel has existed since the beginning of time, when primitive man set out, often traversing great distances in search of game, which provided the food and clothing necessary for his survival. Throughout the course of history, people have travelled for purposes of trade, religious conviction, economic gain, war, migration and other equally compelling motivations. In the Roman era, wealthy aristocrats and high government officials also travelled for pleasure. Seaside resorts located at Pompeii and Herculaneum afforded citizens the opportunity to escape to their vacation villas in order to avoid the summer heat of Rome. Travel, except during the Dark Ages, has continued to grow and, throughout recorded history, has played a vital role in the development of civilisations and their economies.
B
Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon. Historians suggest that the advent of mass tourism began in England during the industrial revolution with the rise of the middle class and the availability of relatively inexpensive transportation. The creation of the commercial airline industry following the Second World War and the subsequent development of the jet aircraft in the 1950s signalled the rapid growth and expansion of international travel. This growth led to the development of a major new industry: tourism. In turn, international tourism became the concern of a number of world governments since it not only provided new employment opportunities but also produced a means of earning foreign exchange.
C
Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. In most industrialised countries over the past few years the fastest growth has been seen in the area of services. One of the largest segments of the service industry, although largely unrecognised as an entity in some of these countries, is travel and tourism. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (1992), Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world on virtually any economic measure including value-added capital investment, employment and tax contributions. In 1992 ‘the industry’s gross output was estimated to be $3.5 trillion, over 12 per cent of all consumer spending. The travel and tourism industry is the world’s largest employer the almost 130 million jobs, or almost 7 per cent of all employees. This industry is the world’s leading industrial contributor, producing over 6 per cent of the world’s national product and accounting for capital investment in excess of $422 billion m direct indirect and personal taxes each year. Thus, tourism has a profound impact both on the world economy and, because of the educative effect of travel and the effects on employment, on society itself.
D
However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured, its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. The travel industry includes: hotels, motels and other types of accommodation; restaurants and other food services; transportation services and facilities; amusements, attractions and other leisure facilities; gift shops and a large number of other enterprises. Since many of these businesses also serve local residents, the impact of spending by visitors can easily be overlooked or underestimated. In addition, Meis (1992) points out that the tourism industry involves concepts that have remained amorphous to both analysts and decision makers. Moreover, in all nations this problem has made it difficult for the industry to develop any type of reliable or credible tourism information base in order to estimate the contribution it makes to regional, national and global economies. However, the nature of this very diversity makes travel and tourism ideal vehicles for economic development in a wide variety of countries, regions or communities.
E
Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and tourism have become an institutionalised way of life for most of the population. In fact, McIntosh and Goeldner (1990) suggest that tourism has become the largest commodity in international trade for many nations and, for a significant number of other countries, it ranks second or third. For example, tourism is the major source of income in Bermuda, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and most Caribbean countries. In addition, Hawkins and Ritchie, quoting from data published by the American Express Company, suggest that the travel and tourism industry is the number one ranked employer in the Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, France, (the former) West Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. However, because of problems of definition, which directly affect statistical measurement, it is not possible with any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid or reliable data about the extent of world-wide tourism participation or its economic impact. In many cases, similar difficulties arise when attempts are made to measure domestic tourism.
Questions 1-4
Reading Passage 1 has five paragraphs, A-E.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet
List of Headings
i Economic and social significance of tourism
ii The development of mass tourism
iii Travel for the wealthy
iv Earning foreign exchange through tourism
v Difficulty in recognising the economic effects of tourism
vi The contribution of air travel to tourism
vii The world impact of tourism
viii The history of travel
Example Answer
Paragraph A viii
1 Paragraph B
2 Paragraph C
3 Paragraph D
4 Paragraph E
Questions 5-10
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
5 The largest employment figures in the world are found in the travel and tourism industry.
6 Tourism contributes over six per cent of the Australian gross national product.
7 Tourism has a social impact because it promotes recreation.
8 Two main features of the travel and tourism industry make its economic significance difficult to ascertain.
9 Visitor spending is always greater than the spending of residents in tourist areas.
10 It is easy to show statistically how tourism affects individual economies.
Questions 11-13
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.
11 In Greece, tourism the most important …………….. .
12 The travel and tourism industry in Jamaica is the major …………….. .
13 The problems associated with measuring international tourism are often reflected in the measurement of …………….. .
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
Autumn leaves
Canadian writer Jay Ingram investigates the mystery of why leaves turn red in the fall
A
One of the most captivating natural events of the year in many areas throughout North America is the turning of the leaves in the fall. The colours are magnificent, but the question of exactly why some trees turn yellow or orange, and others red or purple, is something which has long puzzled scientists.
B
Summer leaves are green because they are full of chlorophyll, the molecule that captures sunlight converts that energy into new building materials for the tree. As fall approaches in the northern hemisphere, the amount of solar energy available declines considerably. For many trees – evergreen conifers being an exception – the best strategy is to abandon photosynthesis* until the spring. So rather than maintaining the now redundant leaves throughout the winter, the tree saves its precious resources and discards them. But before letting its leaves go, the tree dismantles their chlorophyll molecules and ships their valuable nitrogen back into the twigs. As chlorophyll is depleted, other colours that have been dominated by it throughout the summer begin to be revealed. This unmasking explains the autumn colours of yellow and orange, but not the brilliant reds and purples of trees such as the maple or sumac.
C
The source of the red is widely known: it is created by anthocyanins, water-soluble plant pigments reflecting the red to blue range of the visible spectrum. They belong to a class of sugar-based chemical compounds also known as flavonoids. What’s puzzling is that anthocyanins are actually newly minted, made in the leaves at the same time as the tree is preparing to drop them. But it is hard to make sense of the manufacture of anthocyanins – why should a tree bother making new chemicals in its leaves when it’s already scrambling to withdraw and preserve the ones already there?
D
Some theories about anthocyanins have argued that they might act as a chemical defence against attacks by insects or fungi, or that they might attract fruit-eating birds or increase a leafs tolerance to freezing. However there are problems with each of these theories, including the fact that leaves are red for such a relatively short period that the expense of energy needed to manufacture the anthocyanins would outweigh any anti-fungal or anti-herbivore activity achieved.
E
It has also been proposed that trees may produce vivid red colours to convince herbivorous insects that they are healthy and robust and would be easily able to mount chemical defences against infestation. If insects paid attention to such advertisements, they might be prompted to lay their eggs on a duller, and presumably less resistant host. The flaw in this theory lies in the lack of proof to support it. No one has as yet ascertained whether more robust trees sport the brightest leaves, or whether insects make choices according to colour intensity.
F
Perhaps the most plausible suggestion as to why leaves would go to the trouble of making anthocyanins when they’re busy packing up for the winter is the theory known as the ‘light screen’ hypothesis. It sounds paradoxical, because the idea behind this hypothesis is that the red pigment is made in autumn leaves to protect chlorophyll, the light-absorbing chemical, from too much light. Why does chlorophyll need protection when it is the natural world’s supreme light absorber? Why protect chlorophyll at a time when the tree is breaking it down to salvage as much of it as possible?
G
Chlorophyll, although exquisitely evolved to capture the energy of sunlight, can sometimes be overwhelmed by it, especially in situations of drought, low temperatures, or nutrient deficiency. Moreover, the problem of oversensitivity to light is even more acute in the fall, when the leaf is busy preparing for winter by dismantling its internal machinery. The energy absorbed by the chlorophyll molecules of the unstable autumn leaf is not immediately channelled into useful products and processes, as it would be in an intact summer leaf. The weakened fall leaf then becomes vulnerable to the highly destructive effects of the oxygen created by the excited chlorophyll molecules.
H
Even if you had never suspected that this is what was going on when leaves turn red, there are clues out there. One is straightforward: on many trees, the leaves that are the reddest are those on the side of the tree which gets most sun. Not only that, but the red is brighter on the upper side of the leaf. It has also been recognised for decades that the best conditions for intense red colours are dry, sunny days and cool nights, conditions that nicely match those that make leaves susceptible to excess light. And finally, trees such as maples usually get much redder the more north you travel in the northern hemisphere. It’s colder there, they’re more stressed, their chlorophyll is more sensitive and it needs more sunblock.
I
What is still not fully understood, however, is why some trees resort to producing red pigments while others don’t bother, and simply reveal their orange or yellow hues. Do these trees have other means at their disposal to prevent overexposure to light in autumn? Their story, though not as spectacular to the eye, will surely turn out to be as subtle and as complex.
——-
Questions 14-18
Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-l.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-l, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
14 a description of the substance responsible for the red colouration of leaves
15 the reason why trees drop their leaves in autumn
16 some evidence to confirm a theory about the purpose of the red leaves
17 an explanation of the function of chlorophyll
18 a suggestion that the red colouration in leaves could serve as a warning signal
Questions 19-22
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 19-22 on your answer sheet.
Why believe the ‘light screen’ hypothesis?
- The most vividly coloured red leaves are found on the side of the tree facing the 19…………….. .
- The 20…………… surfaces of leaves contain the most red pigment.
- Red leaves are most abundant when daytime weather conditions are 21……………. and sunny.
- The intensity of the red colour of leaves increases as you go further 22……………..
Questions 10-12
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 23-25 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
23 It is likely that the red pigments help to protect the leaf from freezing temperatures.
24 The ‘light screen’ hypothesis would initially seem to contradict what is known about chlorophyll.
25 Leaves which turn colours other than red are more likely to be damaged by sunlight.
Question 26
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in box 26 on your answer sheet.
For which of the following questions does the writer offer an explanation?
A why conifers remain green in winter
B how leaves turn orange and yellow in autumn
C how herbivorous insects choose which trees to lay their eggs in
D why anthocyanins are restricted to certain trees
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
Beyond the blue horizon
Ancient voyagers who settled the far-flung islands of the Pacific Ocean
An important archaeological discovery on the island of Efate in the Pacific archipelago of Vanuatu has revealed traces of an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of today’s Polynesians. The site came to light only by chance. An agricultural worker, digging in the grounds of a derelict plantation, scraped open a grave – the first of dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years old. It is the oldest cemetery ever found in the Pacific islands, and it harbors the remains of an ancient people archaeologists call the Lapita.
They were daring blue-water adventurers who used basic canoes to rove across the ocean. But they were not just explorers. They were also pioneers who carried with them everything they would need to build new lives – their livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools. Within the span of several centuries, the Lapita stretched the boundaries of their world from the jungle-clad volcanoes of Papua New Guinea to the loneliest coral outliers of Tonga.
The Lapita left precious few clues about themselves, but Efate expands the volume of data available to researchers dramatically. The remains of 62 individuals have been uncovered so far, and archaeologists were also thrilled to find six complete Lapita pots. Other items included a Lapita burial urn with modeled birds arranged on the rim as though peering down at the human remains sealed inside. ‘It’s an important discovery,’ says Matthew Spriggs, professor of archaeology at the Australian National University and head of the international team digging up the site, ‘for it conclusively identifies the remains as Lapita.’
DNA teased from these human remains may help answer one of the most puzzling questions in Pacific anthropology: did all Pacific islanders spring from one source or many? Was there only one outward migration from a single point in Asia, or several from different points? ‘This represents the best opportunity we’ve had yet,’ says Spriggs, ‘to find out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who their closest descendants are today.’
There is one stubborn question for which archaeology has yet to provide any answers: how did the Lapita accomplish the ancient equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No-one has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed. Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they turn into myths long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita.
‘All we can say for certain is that the Lapita had canoes that were capable of ocean voyages, and they had the ability to sail them,’ says Geoff Irwin, a professor of archaeology at the University of Auckland. Those sailing skills, he says, were developed and passed down over thousands of years by earlier mariners who worked their way through the archipelagoes of the western Pacific, making short crossings to nearby islands. The real adventure didn’t begin, however, until their Lapita descendants sailed out of sight of land, with empty horizons on every side. This must have been as difficult for them as landing on the moon is for us today. Certainly it distinguished them from their ancestors, but what gave them the courage to launch out on such risky voyages?
The Lap it as thrust into the Pacific was eastward, against the prevailing trade winds, Irwin notes. Those nagging headwinds, he argues, may have been the key to their success. ‘They could sail out for days into the unknown and assess the area, secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride back on the trade winds. This is what would have made the whole thing work.’ Once out there, skilled seafarers would have detected abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds, coconuts and twigs carried out to sea by the tides, and the afternoon pile-up of clouds on the horizon which often indicates an island in the distance.
For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own archipelagoes would have provided a safety net. Without this to go by, overshooting their home ports, getting lost and sailing off into eternity would have been all too easy. Vanuatu, for example, stretches more than 500 miles in a northwest-southeast trend, its scores of intervisible islands forming a backstop for mariners riding the trade winds home.
All this presupposes one essential detail, says Atholl Anderson, professor of prehistory at the Australian National University: the Lapita had mastered the advanced art of sailing against the wind. ‘And there’s no proof they could do any such thing,’ Anderson says. ‘There has been this assumption they did, and people have built canoes to re-create those early voyages based on that assumption. But nobody has any idea what their canoes looked like or how they were rigged.’
Rather than give all the credit to human skill, Anderson invokes the winds of chance. El Nino, the same climate disruption that affects the Pacific today, may have helped scatter the Lapita, Anderson suggests. He points out that climate data obtained from slow-growing corals around the Pacific indicate a series of unusually frequent El Ninos around the time of the Lapita expansion. By reversing the regular east-to-west flow of the trade winds for weeks at a time, these super El Ninos might have taken the Lapita on long unplanned voyages.
However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only to them. Ahead lay the vast emptiness of the central Pacific and perhaps they were too thinly stretched to venture farther. They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total, and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of islands – more than 300 in Fiji alone.
Questions 27-31
Complete the summary using the list of words and phrases, A-J, below.
Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 37-31 on your sheet.
The Éfaté burial site
A 3,000-year-old burial ground of a seafaring people called the Lapita has been found on an abandoned 27……………. on the Pacific island of Efate. The cemetery, which is a significant 28…………….. , was uncovered accidentally by an agricultural worker.
The Lapita explored and colonised many Pacific islands over several centuries. They took many things with them on their voyages including 29……………… and tools.
The burial ground increases the amount of information about the Lapita available to scientists. A team of researchers, led by Matthew Spriggs from the Australian National University, are helping with the excavation of the site. Spriggs believes the 30………………. which was found at the site is very important since it confirms that the 31……………… found inside are Lapita.
A proof
B plantation
C harbour
D bones
E data
F archaeological discovery
G burial urn
H source
I animals
J maps
Questions 32-35
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.
32 According to the writer, there are difficulties explaining how the Lapita accomplished their journeys because
A the canoes that have been discovered offer relatively few clues.
B archaeologists have shown limited interest in this area of research.
C little information relating to this period can be relied upon for accuracy.
D technological advances have altered the way such achievements are viewed.
33 According to the sixth paragraph, what was extraordinary about the Lapita?
A They sailed beyond the point where land was visible.
B Their cultural heritage discouraged the expression of fear.
C They were able to build canoes that withstood ocean voyages.
D Their navigational skills were passed on from one generation to the next.
34 What does ‘This’ refer to in the seventh paragraph?
A the Lapita’s seafaring talent
B the Lapita s ability to detect signs of land
C the Lapita’s extensive knowledge of the region
D the Lapita’s belief they would be able to return home
35 According to the eighth paragraph, how was the geography of the region significant?
A It played an important role in Lapita culture.
B It meant there were relatively few storms at sea.
C It provided a navigational aid for the Lapita.
D It made a large number of islands habitable.
Questions 36-40
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
36 It is now clear that the Lapita could sail into a prevailing wind.
37 Extreme climate conditions may have played a role in Lapita migration.
38 The Lapita learnt to predict the duration of El Ninos.
39 It remains unclear why the Lapita halted their expansion across the Pacific.
40 It is likely that the majority of Lapita settled on Fiji.
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good. https://accounts.binance.com/en-IN/register?ref=UM6SMJM3
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
The subsequent time I learn a weblog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as a lot as this one. I imply, I know it was my choice to learn, however I actually thought youd have one thing interesting to say. All I hear is a bunch of whining about something that you possibly can fix in the event you werent too busy in search of attention.
Thanx for the effort, keep up the good work Great work, I am going to start a small Blog Engine course work using your site I hope you enjoy blogging with the popular BlogEngine.net.Thethoughts you express are really awesome. Hope you will right some more posts.
купить аккаунт платформа для покупки аккаунтов
заработок на аккаунтах https://marketplace-akkauntov-top.ru/
магазин аккаунтов перепродажа аккаунтов
маркетплейс аккаунтов продать аккаунт
гарантия при продаже аккаунтов биржа аккаунтов
продажа аккаунтов соцсетей https://kupit-akkaunt-top.ru/
маркетплейс для реселлеров купить аккаунт
Account Exchange Service Find Accounts for Sale
Account market Account Buying Service
Account Exchange Service Verified Accounts for Sale
Account Exchange Service Account Market
Account Store Website for Selling Accounts
Buy accounts Account Market
Account trading platform Account Trading Platform
Account Exchange Service Social media account marketplace
Accounts for Sale Account Store
Account Trading Service Account Sale
account selling platform account buying service
accounts marketplace guaranteed accounts
marketplace for ready-made accounts account trading platform
profitable account sales website for selling accounts
social media account marketplace database of accounts for sale
guaranteed accounts https://accountsmarketbest.com
secure account purchasing platform verified accounts for sale
social media account marketplace marketplace for ready-made accounts
buy accounts website for selling accounts
account purchase sell pre-made account
marketplace for ready-made accounts buy pre-made account
buy accounts secure account sales
secure account purchasing platform online account store
account exchange service accounts for sale
account trading platform guaranteed accounts
accounts for sale account exchange service
website for buying accounts account catalog
ready-made accounts for sale buy account
account marketplace sell accounts
secure account sales account catalog
account trading database of accounts for sale
database of accounts for sale account selling service
website for buying accounts sell pre-made account
accounts for sale account buying service
account sale buy accounts
accounts marketplace gaming account marketplace
account catalog sell accounts
buy account accounts market
social media account marketplace account market
social media account marketplace accounts marketplace
account trading platform account marketplace
sell pre-made account accounts marketplace
buy pre-made account account market
account selling platform https://buy-accounts.live
account marketplace https://accounts-marketplace.online
verified accounts for sale account market
accounts marketplace https://accounts-marketplace-best.pro
покупка аккаунтов https://akkaunty-na-prodazhu.pro/
покупка аккаунтов rynok-akkauntov.top
маркетплейс аккаунтов kupit-akkaunt.xyz
биржа аккаунтов https://akkaunt-magazin.online/
биржа аккаунтов https://akkaunty-market.live/
продажа аккаунтов https://kupit-akkaunty-market.xyz/
продать аккаунт akkaunty-optom.live
продать аккаунт https://online-akkaunty-magazin.xyz/
покупка аккаунтов akkaunty-dlya-prodazhi.pro
биржа аккаунтов https://kupit-akkaunt.online
buy facebook account cheap facebook accounts
buy facebook ads manager https://buy-ad-accounts.click
buy facebook ad account buy fb ad account
facebook ad account buy https://buy-ads-account.click/
fb account for sale https://ad-account-buy.top
facebook ad account buy https://buy-ads-account.work
buy fb ad account https://ad-account-for-sale.top
В этой публикации мы сосредоточимся на интересных аспектах одной из самых актуальных тем современности. Совмещая факты и мнения экспертов, мы создадим полное представление о предмете, которое будет полезно как новичкам, так и тем, кто глубоко изучает вопрос.
Углубиться в тему – https://medalkoblog.ru/
buy accounts facebook https://buy-ad-account.click/
buy facebook profile https://ad-accounts-for-sale.work
buy aged google ads accounts https://buy-ads-account.top
google ads account buy https://buy-ads-accounts.click
facebook account sale https://buy-accounts.click
buy google ad threshold account https://ads-account-for-sale.top
google ads account buy https://ads-account-buy.work
buy google ad account https://buy-ads-invoice-account.top
old google ads account for sale buy old google ads account
buy google ads invoice account https://buy-ads-agency-account.top
google ads reseller https://sell-ads-account.click
Damit kannst du testen, inwiefern du deinen Testosteronspiegel auf natürliche Weise verbessern konntest (z.B.
durch Ernährungsumstellung, Stressmanagement oder Nahrungsergänzungsmittel).
Ich würde gerne mein Testosteron („Gesamt-Testosteron”) mittels eines Bluttests messen lassen.
Solltest du keinerlei Beschwerden haben und nur deinen Testosteronspiegel aus Neugier
messen lassen, dann empfehle ich dir folgende E-Mail an alle Urologen in deiner
Nähe zu schicken. Bei Frauen produzieren die Eierstöcke und die Nebennierenrinde geringe Mengen an Testosteron.
Menschen mit einem Vitamin-D-Mangel haben häufig auch einen zu niedrigen Testosteronspiegel.
In Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass Männer mit Testosteronmangel mehr Testosteron produzierten, wenn sie Vitamin D einnahmen [8].
Wenn der Testosteronspiegel aber bereits im Normalbereich liegt,
oder Sie gut mit Vitamin D versorgt sind, regt zusätzliches Vitamin D die Testosteronbildung vermutlich nicht
weiter an [9]. Um die Ursache eines Testosteronmangels herauszufinden, ist
die Analyse des Luteotropen Hormons (LH) und des Follikel stimulierenden Hormons
(FSH) sinnvoll. LH und FSH werden im Gehirn gebildet und
stimulieren die Testosteronproduktion in den Hoden.
Je nachdem welche Zusatzleistungen du in Anspruch nehmen möchtest
bzw. In diesem Fall musst du die Beratung mitbezahlen, sofern du dort
deinen Testosteronspiegel messen lassen möchtest.
Selbst wenn sie nur 5 Minuten dauert, hier kannst du mit mehr als one hundred € rechnen.
Mein Testosteronspiegel nach 90 Tagen guten Lebens (778 ng/dl) lag über dem Durchschnitt für meine Altersgruppe.
Wenn Sie sich einem Testosterontest unterziehen, zeigt Ihnen das Labor oft an, was als „normaler” Bereich bei Patienten gilt, die in diesem Labor getestet wurden. Das Infozentrum für Prävention und Früherkennung (IPF) informiert die Öffentlichkeit über Möglichkeiten der Krankheitsvorsorge durch Laboruntersuchungen. Seit über 15 Jahren veröffentlicht das IPF in Zusammenarbeit mit anerkannten Experten Broschüren und Faltblätter zu einzelnen Krankheiten und deren Früherkennung. Das IPF wird vom Verband der Diagnostica-Industrie (VDGH) unterstützt. Seine Neutralität wird durch einen wissenschaftlichen Beirat gewährleistet, dem erfahrene Ärzte angehören. Eine wichtige Rolle spielt dabei das Hormon Luteotropin, kurz LH.
Viele Ärzte machen sich viel mehr Sorgen über zu hohe Testosteronwerte. Laut dem University of Rochester Medical Middle sollte eine Frau insgesamt Nanogramm pro Deziliter (ng/dl) Testosteron in ihrem Blut haben. Zurzeit gibt es keine schlüssigen Richtlinien dafür, was als „niedriger” Testosteronspiegel bei Frauen gelten sollte.
Die meisten Menschen denken bei Testosteron an ein männliches Sexualhormon, aber jeder benötigt
eine bestimmte Menge. Während Männer mehr 60 gramm testosteron morlock (Kacey)
haben als Frauen, produzieren weibliche Nebennieren und Eierstöcke kleine Mengen dieses Hormons.
Hierbei handelt es sich um eine 12-in-1-Kapsel mit einer
100 % pflanzlichen Rezeptur für überlegene Leistungssteigerung und Androgenproduktion. Dieses Produkt
kann zur Leistungssteigerung sowohl im Bett als auch im Sport eingesetzt werden.
Ein Arzt kann durch eine Ultraschalluntersuchung der Eierstöcke
und der Gebärmutter auf PCOS prüfen. Da die Testosteronausschüttung typischerweise in den frühen Morgenstunden am höchsten ist, wird der Arzt oft morgens
Blut für die Tests abnehmen. CAH kann leicht (nicht klassisch) oder schwer (klassisch) sein. Es
gibt keine Heilung für diese Erkrankung, aber eine Behandlung kann die Symptome lindern und die Lebensqualität verbessern. Zu den möglichen langfristigen Komplikationen von PCOS gehören Unfruchtbarkeit,
Fettleibigkeit, Typ-2-Diabetes und Herzerkrankungen.
Ab circa 40 Jahren sinkt beim Mann kontinuierlich der Testosteronspiegel im Blut.
Während bei der Frau die Menopause aprubt beginnt, sind
die “Wechseljahre” beim Mann ein langsam andauernder Prozess.
Sexuelle Unlust, Müdigkeit und Kraftlosigkeit sind typische Symptome.
Der – mit Hilfe der Urologen der München Klinik entwickelte – Selbsttest fragt 16
wichtige Indikatoren ab und klärt Sie auf. Du solltest
daher die Messung deines Testosteronspiegels immer früh morgens durchführen. Das kannst
du selbst von zu Hause aus mit einem Testosteron Test Kit machen.
Aber auch Übergewicht oder Schlafstörungen führen dazu, dass Testosteron absinkt.
Der Testosteronspiegel kann auf natürliche Weise im Alter sinken. Es ist
vollkommen regular, dass sich der Testosteronspiegel im Laufe des Lebens verändert und
damit auch andere Referenzwerte in einem Testosteron Test hinzugezogen werden. Ein normaler Testosteronspiegel für
Männer liegt zwischen 300 und 1.000 Nanogramm pro Deziliter (ng/dl).
Testosteron ist ein Steroidhormon und damit ein Abkömmling von Cholesterin. Weitere bekannte Steroidhormone sind Cortisol, Östrogen, DHEA,
Aldosteron und Progesteron.
buy adwords account buy google ads accounts
buy facebook business manager account buy-business-manager.org
buy old google ads account https://buy-verified-ads-account.work
A examine printed in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
found that consuming two eggs per day for 3 weeks elevated
ranges of free testosterone by practically
50 p.c. The catechins found in it are highly effective antioxidants which will enhance blood move to sure areas
of the mind, together with these responsible for sexual operate.
It incorporates excessive ranges of zinc and selenium that are important for wholesome sperm production in males.
Research shows that misuse of alcohol and medicines
can affect intercourse hormone levels, including decreasing testosterone
(27). An older research of 399 men ages 65 and older discovered that those
that had extra magnesium in their blood had higher
testosterone levels than those with decrease magnesium ranges (9).
It additionally contains calcium which is necessary for sturdy bones and teeth.
Xenoestrogens are synthetic estrogen-like compounds that wreak havoc
on men’s endocrine systems. In Any Other Case, you’ll simply be introducing loads of xenoestrogens that are
sequestered in the fat of the pigs. One of those vitamins is vitamin K2, which is found in broccoli.
While eating freshly ready onions is excellent, it might be a neater choice to
opt for onion juice as a substitute if you want quantity.
Secondly, is the presence of a testosterone prohormone (or extra correctly, pheromone) known as androstenone.
Nonetheless, white button mushrooms, as far as research have demonstrated, have the strongest aromatase inhibiting activity.
Mushrooms are very highly effective testosterone
boosting foods that we suggest all guys consume a quantity meaning Of anabolic
times per week. High in the essential mineral magnesium,
a well-established testosterone booster. Consuming an oz or two
of almonds a day is not going to solely help elevate T-levels but also can assist you to sleep better – one other essential consider testosterone manufacturing.
When thyroid hormones are produced and are performing at optimum charges, testosterone production improves.
Thyroid hormones play an important regulatory role in hormone manufacturing, together with that of testosterone.
Apart from reducing testosterone through leptin’s presence, physique fats activates
aromatase – an enzyme that specifically seeks the male hormone and converts
it into estrogen. Concern not, wholesome testosterone
levels can usually be restored through diet and way of life modification. You will not need to undergo life relying on a prescription to offer you your manliness.
Don’t cut out all fat from your food regimen or you might even see a hormone level drop.
As An Alternative, focus on high-quality fats and average how often you eat processed meals.
If you don’t know the place to begin out along with your food plan or tips
on how to acknowledge your food patterns, working with a registered
dietitian can help you discover a food plan that works
best in your body. “While eating these foods will not artificially increase testosterone past your body’s pure capability, they can help create the proper setting for hormonal stability,” Reeder
mentioned.
When you store for cocoa merchandise, you might wish to
choose ones that include no added sugar or only small amounts of added sugar.
Think About cocoa powder, cacao nibs, or low sugar dark chocolate for their spectacular health advantages.
We use “women” and “men” in this article to replicate the phrases that have been historically used to gender individuals.
So, there isn’t a one-size-fits-all rule for sufficient water intake or healthy testosterone ranges, however the National Health Service recommends consuming a minimal of six to eight mugs day by day.
“To make drinking more water easier, maintain a reusable water bottle with you throughout the day as a reminder,” says Lane.
Soy milk, soybean oil, tofu, edamame, and miso are some meals
linked to a drop in testosterone ranges. Soy is wealthy in phytoestrogen, a plant-derived substance that
mimics the effect of estrogen in decreasing testosterone levels.
Refreshing pomegranate has been proven to improve erectile perform, improve blood move,
and enhance testosterone. It’s also filled with anti-oxidants
which make this awesome fruit even better in your well being.
Gut-friendly micro organism, as seen in a single 2014 study, raise LH and testosterone
ranges. One explicit strain, Lactobacillus reuteri, also promote elevated weight and measurement of
the testicles, together with inhibition of age-related shrinkage.
The lipids that get saved in your body fat don’t just get you additional away from
a lean, impressive physique – it reduces your masculinity as well.
Nitric oxide is a neurotransmitter with vasodilator operate,
so blood flows higher by way of the blood vessels,
allowing greater oxygenation, thus improving erection and
making it last longer. Ladies with decreased testosterone ranges (due to aging) were
discovered to have decrease bone densities.
Scientific studies have found that testosterone can improve the hip and spinal bone density.
This superfood can also be super versatile—you can add it to so many meals or drop it in a blender for a more healthy protein shake.
Most men and women perceive that our diets and the foods we eat immediately have an result
on our metabolism, bodily appearance, and basic
well-being. When it comes to hormones, awareness begins to fade and
lots of aren’t aware of what meals kill testosterone.
While some meals are greater culprits than others, testosterone
killing meals can derail getting older men who aren’t preserving their food plan in check.
These foods embody soy, processed foods, and alcohol to name a few,
but there are numerous more.
Although extra research is needed, many studies found a connection between excessive sugar diets and increased testosterone ranges.
Moreover, omega-3s exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, helping to mitigate chronic irritation that may adversely affect
the endocrine system. Fatty fish serves as a potent ally in boosting testosterone levels, primarily due to its
wealthy content of omega-3 fatty acids, significantly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) steroid results before and after eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).
Given these effects, sustaining optimum testosterone levels is crucial for overall well-being.
Vegetables like spinach, kale and Swiss chard are loaded with testosterone-friendly magnesium.
These greens additionally pack vitamins A, C and E, antioxidants that assist safeguard cells within the physique from injury, including people who produce testosterone.
Furthermore, the nitrates present in these greens enhance blood circulation, which might also assist boost sexual health.
Age is a serious determinant of testosterone
ranges, notes StatPearls.
So if you need to preserve healthy testosterone levels, restrict your
alcohol consumption. From processed foods to sugar-laden snacks, sure meals can wreak havoc on our hormones, together with testosterone.
By understanding which foods to stay clear of, you
can make smarter dietary choices and help ensure your physique features at
its finest. So, whether or not you want to
improve your athletic efficiency or simply preserve your well being as you age, read on to
discover seven testosterone-killing foods you should at all times avoid.
Research suggests that consuming large amounts
of flaxseeds can lead to a decrease in testosterone ranges in men. For example,
a study published in Urology discovered that men who had prostate most cancers
and were supplemented with flaxseed experienced significantly lowered
testosterone levels. Caffeine, the stimulant present in coffee, tea, and lots of energy
drinks, has a complex relationship with testosterone.
Testosterone ranges get lowered by trans fats, that are commonly
found in deep-fried meals. These unhealthy types of fat enhance your dangerous ldl cholesterol while lowering heart health
which then impacts how hormones are produced and controlled.
On high of this, cow’s milk accommodates natural hormones and development factors created
by the cow itself, which might probably mess with our testosterone ranges.
So, a little dairy per day mightn’t matter that much, while giant quantities could extra dramatically impression your testosterone.
Rising your testosterone ranges may be as easy as slicing out some
of these foods and adding some testosterone boosting
meals instead. Getting more exercise and lowering your stress ranges could also be related as properly.
Properly, they don’t destroy the hormone outright, however they
will notably lower your testosterone levels, particularly if you eat them regularly year after yr.
Plus, try to manage stress via mindfulness workout routines for anxiety.
Whereas we don’t know for positive how nuts affect men’s testosterone, it’s
one thing to suppose about if you’re involved about
your hormones.
A 2013 research discovered that males who drank 20 grams of soy protein isolate per day for 14 days had
lower testosterone ranges than those who drank whey protein isolate or a
placebo. If you’re hoping to lower your testosterone ranges,
it’s best to talk with a healthcare professional similar to an endocrinologist.
There are many reasons why individuals might attempt to lower their testosterone
ranges. This hormone imbalance may cause a spread of uncomfortable signs.
Curiously, in one other examine, researchers applied spearmint oil to rats with PCOS daily for 20 days.
Average consumption of caffeine may be a part of a healthy way of life, but it’s crucial to
watch your consumption and be mindful of its sources.
If you cut back your sugar consumption, particularly from baked items which are usually excessive in each sugar and unhealthy fats, it
could assist keep away from or repair insulin resistance.
Insulin resistance significantly impacts
how hormones are produced and regulated in the physique.
No single meals or supplement will counteract all the ways that
poor sleep, persistent stress, or lack of exercise negatively influence testosterone
manufacturing, in accordance with Houman. However, when combined with a healthy life-style, the right dietary approaches could make a real difference.
In this text, we’ll delve into diet and discover seven testosterone-killing foods that may unknowingly hinder your hormonal balance.
buy facebook bm https://buy-bm-account.org/
verified bm buy-verified-business-manager-account.org
buy facebook business manager accounts https://buy-verified-business-manager.org
verified facebook business manager for sale buy business manager facebook
facebook business manager account buy https://business-manager-for-sale.org/
verified bm for sale buy business manager
buy facebook bm account https://buy-bm.org
buy verified business manager facebook business manager account buy
buy tiktok business account https://buy-tiktok-ads-account.org
buy facebook bm https://verified-business-manager-for-sale.org/
buy tiktok ads account https://tiktok-ads-account-buy.org
tiktok ads account buy https://tiktok-ads-account-for-sale.org
tiktok ads agency account https://tiktok-agency-account-for-sale.org
tiktok ads account for sale https://buy-tiktok-ad-account.org
tiktok ads agency account https://buy-tiktok-ads-accounts.org
Users’ genetic make-up will decide the extent of
hair loss they will experience. Or, extra specifically, how
sensitive they’re to dihydrotestosterone. Anavar is a DHT-derived steroid; thus, accelerated hair loss could be skilled in genetically prone people.
Testosterone Cypionate will tick all the packing containers if
you would like a protected, easy-to-use, no-drama AAS that offers assured
reliable results and manageable unwanted side effects.
At some level, every bodybuilder will use a testosterone steroid, whether or not it’s solely for TRT while taking other AAS or to enjoy the full energy and effects of Testosterone
Cypionate at higher doses. Pharmaceutical-grade testosterone cypionate is the
best quality we can get and is the product you should aim to purchase.
Produced in regulated and skilled labs for the medical market, Testosterone Cypionate from any pharma brand might be perfectly
dosed and manufactured to the highest requirements.
Common manufacturers embrace Depo-Testosterone, Depovirin, Virilin, and lots
of others. It does away with all that and instead lets me focus purely on my objectives and results, saving
me cash. Testosterone Cypionate is thought to have some adverse results on ldl cholesterol.
Nandrolone is a great bulking steroid, especially valued for off-season bulking.
This isn’t a steroid that’s going to have you ever putting
on huge mass overnight, but regular quality features are what you’ll find a way to sit
up for. Stacked with a moderate dose of testosterone, features
of 10-15lbs of high quality measurement is a reasonable aim, with new users in a position to purpose
for 25lbs. Like most AAS, it has become much less frequent to see Nandrolone getting used medically, particularly within the Usa.
If I needed to choose one steroid to use to the exclusion of all others,
it might be Deca-Durabolin (Nandrolone Decanoate).
Post-cycle remedy is a course of chemical compounds that you take
after you have been on a steroid or SARMs cycle. Pro-hormones.co.uk
are a half of the JSML International group, a sports and health dietary supplements firm.
The solely following issue to cover nows that of stimulating and sustaining
correct endogenous LH launch so as to hold recovery along until the body can become self-sufficient as quickly as once more.
The reader may be questioning which compounds to decide out of
the three categories listed, and the means to correctly use them.
The answer lies in understanding the properties of each and, in understanding these properties, tips on how to use
them effectively and appropriately.
Nevertheless, with Proviron, we can often get its complete advantages even at the lowest medical dosage vary.
It has a protracted half-life, so you may get away with taking your entire
dose in only one injection every week. Still, ideally, you want to break up your weekly dosage into two and inject testosterone cypionate twice weekly
so you guarantee levels of the steroid keep excessive.
This steroid causes an increase in pink blood cell manufacturing, which will
get more oxygen to the muscles. In all but probably the
most extreme circumstances, women wanting to realize most leanness will focus on getting to
10%-15% body fats. However Anavar isn’t just nice for
fats loss for girls, however much more so for sustainable and aesthetically pleasing lean positive aspects
with no or minimal side effects.
That’s why are steroids used
women are taking as much as 20 mg per day and men are consuming as a lot
as 100 mg per day. When it involves steroids, everyone appears
to be totally different, which means that results can differ.
Girls will get good outcomes from a lot lower dosages
of oral Primobolan. Such alpha-5 reductase inhibitors as
Finistrade are generally cycled together with Primobolan to
counter this effect.
Near-total reduction of Estrogen should not be maintained for greater than a 48 hour interval
for health reasons. Anavar isn’t known as a robust mass-building steroid, and even at
high doses (which isn’t recommended), it’s going to do little to stimulate large progress in muscle mass when compared with
different anabolic steroids. For this cause, Anavar is nearly
at all times used as a slicing steroid, which is the purpose it excels at.
Anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic drugs that
mimic the consequences of testosterone. They are misused to advertise aesthetic physique enhancement,
power and improved well-being. AAS use was previously confined to improving
bodily efficiency in skilled sporting and bodybuilding communities, but the follow has
risen considerably within the basic inhabitants [1,2,3].
Present best estimates predict that 2% of the U.K male population have used non-medically prescribed androgens, though the true determine may be even greater
[4, 5].
tiktok ads account buy https://tiktok-ads-agency-account.org
buy tiktok business account https://buy-tiktok-business-account.org
buy tiktok ads account https://buy-tiktok-ads.org
Wow that was strange. I just wrote an extremely long comment but after I clicked submit my comment didn’t show up. Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Anyways, just wanted to say great blog!
cost of clomiphene without prescription buying cheap clomid without dr prescription where buy cheap clomid no prescription how can i get cheap clomid no prescription can i buy generic clomid clomiphene rx for men can you buy clomiphene without rx
I feel this is among the most significant information for me. And i’m satisfied studying your article. But wanna remark on few basic issues, The site style is perfect, the articles is in reality great : D. Excellent activity, cheers
70918248
References:
best fat burning steroid (http://www2j.biglobe.ne.jp/maberick/cgi-bin/bbs.cgi/YRKEhJht)
This website positively has all of the information and facts I needed to this participant and didn’t know who to ask.