Cambridge 17 Reading Test 04
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
Bats to the rescue
How Madagascar’s bats are helping to save the rainforest
There are few places in the world where relations between agriculture and conservation are more strained. Madagascar’s forests are being converted to agricultural land at a rate of one percent every year. Much of this destruction is fuelled by the cultivation of the country’s main staple crop: rice. And a key reason for this destruction is that insect pests are destroying vast quantities of what is grown by local subsistence farmers, leading them to clear forest to create new paddy fields. The result is devastating habitat and biodiversity loss on the island, but not all species are suffering. In fact, some of the island’s insectivorous bats are currently thriving and this has important implications for farmers and conservationists alike.
Enter University of Cambridge zoologist Ricardo Rocha. He’s passionate about conservation, and bats. More specifically, he’s interested in how bats are responding to human activity and deforestation in particular. Rocha’s new study shows that several species of bats are giving Madagascar’s rice farmers a vital pest control service by feasting on plagues of insects. And this, he believes, can ease the financial pressure on farmers to turn forest into fields.
Bats comprise roughly one-fifth of all mammal species in Madagascar and thirty-six recorded bat species are native to the island, making it one of the most important regions for conservation of this animal group anywhere in the world.
Co-leading an international team of scientists, Rocha found that several species of indigenous bats are taking advantage of habitat modification to hunt insects swarming above the country’s rice fields. They include the Malagasy mouse-eared bat, Major’s long-fingered bat, the Malagasy white-bellied free-tailed bat and Peters’ wrinkle-lipped bat.
‘These winner species are providing a valuable free service to Madagascar as biological pest suppressors,’ says Rocha. ‘We found that six species of bat are preying on rice pests, including the paddy swarming caterpillar and grass webworm. The damage which these insects cause puts the island’s farmers under huge financial pressure and that encourages deforestation.’
The study, now published in the journal Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, set out to investigate the feeding activity of insectivorous bats in the farmland bordering the Ranomafana National Park in the southeast of the country.
Rocha and his team used state-of-the-art ultrasonic recorders to record over a thousand bat ‘feeling buzzes’ (echolocation sequences used by bats to target their prey) at 54 sites, in order to identify the favourite feeding spots of the bats. The next used DNA barcoding techniques to analyse droppings collected from bats at the different sites.
The recordings revealed that bat activity over rice fields was much higher than it was in continuous forest – seven times higher over rice fields which were on flat ground, and sixteen times higher over fields on the sides of hills – leaving no doubt that the animals are preferentially foraging in these man-made ecosystems. The researchers suggest that the bats favour these fields because lack of water and nutrient run-off make these crops more susceptible to insect pest infestations. DNA analysis showed that all six species of bat had fed on economically important insect pests. While the findings indicated that rice farming benefits most from the bats, the scientists also found indications that the bats were consuming pests of other crops, including the black twig borer (which infests coffee plants), the sugarcane cicada, the macadamia nut-borer, and the sober tabby (a pest of citrus fruits).
‘The effectiveness of bats as pest controllers has already been proven in the USA and Catalonia,’ said co-author James Kemp, from the University of Lisbon. ‘But our study is the first to show this happening in Madagascar, where the stakes for both farmers and conservationists are so high.’
Local people may have a further reason to be grateful to their bats. While the animal is often associated with spreading disease, Rocha and his team found evidence that Malagasy bats feed not just on crop pests but also on mosquitoes – carriers of malaria, Rift Valley fever virus and elephantiasis – as well as blackflies, which spread river blindness.
Rocha points out that the relationship is complicated. When food is scarce, bats become a crucial source of protein for local people. Even the children will hunt them. And as well as roosting in trees, the bats sometimes roost in buildings, but are not welcomed there because they make them unclean. At the same time, however, they are associated with sacred caves and the ancestors, so they can be viewed as beings between worlds, which makes them very significant in the culture of the people. And one potential problem is that while these bats are benefiting from farming, at the same time deforestation is reducing the places where they can roost, which could have long-term effects on their numbers. Rocha says, ‘With the right help, we hope that farmers can promote this mutually beneficial relationship by installing bat houses.’
Rocha and his colleagues believe that maximising bat populations can help to boost crop yields and promote sustainable livelihoods. The team is now calling for further research to quantify this contribution. ‘I’m very optimistic,’ says Rocha. ‘If we give nature a hand, we can speed up the process of regeneration.’
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1 Many Madagascan forests are being destroyed by attacks from insects.
2 Loss of habitat has badly affected insectivorous bats in Madagascar.
3 Ricardo Rocha has carried out studies of bats in different parts of the world.
4 Habitat modification has resulted in indigenous bats in Madagascar becoming useful to farmers.
5 The Malagasy mouse-eared bat is more common than other indigenous bat species in Madagascar.
6 Bats may feed on paddy swarming caterpillars and grass webworms.
Questions 7-13
Complete the table below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.
The study carried out by Rocha’s team | |
Aim | ● to investigate the feeding habits of bats in farmland near the Ranomafana National Park |
Method | ● ultrasonic recording to identify favourite feeding spots ● DNA analysis of bat 7 ………………… |
Findings | ● the bats – were most active in rice fields located on hills – ate pests of rice, 8 …………………, sugarcane, nuts and fruit – prevent the spread of disease by eating 9 ………………… and blackflies ● local attitudes to bats are mixed: – they provide food rich in 10 ………………… – the buildings where they roost become 11 ………………… – they play an important role in local 12 ………………… |
Recommendation | ● farmers should provide special 13 ………………… to support the bat population |
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
Does education fuel economic growth?
A
Over the last decade, a huge database about the lives of southwest German villagers between 1600 and 1900 has been compiled by a team led by Professor Sheilagh Ogilvie at Cambridge University’s Faculty of Economics. It includes court records, guild ledgers, parish registers, village censuses, tax lists and – the most recent addition – 9,000 handwritten inventories listing over a million personal possessions belonging to ordinary women and men across three centuries. Ogilvie, who discovered the inventories in the archives of two German communities 30 years ago, believes they may hold the answer to a conundrum that has long puzzled economists: the lack of evidence for a causal link between education and a country’s economic growth.
B
As Ogilvie explains, ‘Education helps us to work more productively, invent better technology, and earn more … surely it must be critical for economic growth? But, if you look back through history, there’s no evidence that having a high literacy rate made a country industrialise earlier.’ Between 1600 and 1900, England had only mediocre literacy rates by European standards, yet its economy grew fast and it was the first country to industrialise. During this period, Germany and Scandinavia had excellent literacy rates, but their economies grew slowly and they industrialised late. ‘Modern cross-country analyses have also struggled to find evidence that education causes economic growth, even though there is plenty of evidence that growth increases education,’ she adds.
C
In the handwritten inventories that Ogilvie is analysing are the belongings of women and men at marriage, remarriage and death. From badger skins to Bibles, sewing machines to scarlet bodices – the villagers’ entire worldly goods are included. Inventories of agricultural equipment and craft tools reveal economic activities; ownership of books and education-related objects like pens and slates suggests how people learned. In addition, the tax lists included in the database record the value of farms, workshops, assets and debts; signatures and people’s estimates of their age indicate literacy and numeracy levels; and court records reveal obstacles (such as the activities of the guilds*) that stifled industry.
Previous studies usually had just one way of linking education with economic growth – the presence of schools and printing presses, perhaps, or school enrolment, or the ability to sign names. According to Ogilvie, the database provides multiple indicators for the same individuals, making it possible to analyse links between literacy, numeracy, wealth, and industriousness, for individual women and men over the long term.
D
Ogilvie and her team have been building the vast database of material possessions on top of their full demographic reconstruction of the people who lived in these two German communities. ‘We can follow the same people – and their descendants – across 300 years of educational and economic change,’ she says. Individual lives have unfolded before their eyes. Stories like that of the 24-year-olds Ana Regina and Magdalena Riethmüllerin, who were chastised in 1707 for reading books in church instead of listening to the sermon. ‘This tells us they were continuing to develop their reading skills at least a decade after leaving school,’ explains Ogilvie. The database also reveals the case of Juliana Schweickherdt, a 50-year-old spinster living in the small Black Forest community of Wildberg, who was reprimanded in 1752 by the local weavers’ guild for ‘weaving cloth and combing wool, counter to the guide ordinance’. When Juliana continued taking jobs reserved for male guild members, she was summoned before the guild court and told to pay a fine equivalent to one third of a servant’s annual wage. It was a small act of defiance by today’s standards, but it reflects a time when laws in Germany and elsewhere regulated people’s access to labour markets. The dominance of guilds not only prevented people from using their skills, but also held back even the simplest industrial innovation.
E
The data-gathering phase of the project has been completed and now, according to Ogilvie, it is time ‘to ask the big questions’. One way to look at whether education causes economic growth is to ‘hold wealth constant’. This involves following the lives of different people with the same level of wealth over a period of time. If wealth is constant, it is possible to discover whether education was, for example, linked to the cultivation of new crops, or to the adoption of industrial innovations like sewing machines. The team will also ask what aspect of education helped people engage more with productive and innovative activities. Was it, for instance, literacy, numeracy, book ownership, years of schooling? Was there a threshold level – a tipping point – that needed to be reached to affect economic performance?
F
Ogilvie hopes to start finding answers to these questions over the next few years. One thing is already clear, she says: the relationship between education and economic growth is far from straightforward. ‘German-speaking central Europe is an excellent laboratory for testing theories of economic growth,’ she explains. Between 1600 and 1900, literacy rates and book ownership were high and yet the region remained poor. It was also the case that local guilds and merchant associations were extremely powerful and legislated against anything that undermined their monopolies. In villages throughout the region, guilds blocked labour migration and resisted changes that might reduce their influence.
‘Early findings suggest that the potential benefits of education for the economy can be held back by other barriers, and this has implications for today,’ says Ogilvie. ‘Huge amounts are spent improving education in developing countries, but this spending can fail to deliver economic growth if restrictions block people – especially women and the poor – from using their education in economically productive ways. If economic institutions are poorly set up, for instance, education can’t lead to growth.’
——————–
Questions 14-18
Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which section contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.
14 an explanation of the need for research to focus on individuals with a fairly consistent income
15 examples of the sources the database has been compiled from
16 an account of one individual’s refusal to obey an order
17 a reference to a region being particularly suited to research into the link between education and economic growth
18 examples of the items included in a list of personal possessions
Questions 19-22
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 19-22 on your answer sheet.
Demographic reconstruction of two German communities
The database that Ogilvie and her team has compiled sheds light on the lives of a range of individuals, as well as those of their 19 …………………, over a 300-year period. For example, Ana Regina and Magdalena Riethmüllerin were reprimanded for reading while they should have been paying attention to a 20 ………………… .
There was also Juliana Schweickherdt, who came to the notice of the weavers’ guild in the year 1752 for breaking guild rules. As a punishment, she was later given a 21 ………………… . Cases like this illustrate how the guilds could prevent 22 ………………… and stop skilled people from working
Questions 23 and 24
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Write the correct letters in boxes 23 and 24 on your answer sheet.
Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make about literacy rates in Section B?
A Very little research has been done into the link between high literacy rates and improved earnings.
B Literacy rates in Germany between 1600 and 1900 were very good.
C There is strong evidence that high literacy rates in the modern world result in economic growth.
D England is a good example of how high literacy rates helped a country industrialise.
E Economic growth can help to improve literacy rates.
Questions 25 and 26
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Write the correct letters in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.
Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make in Section F about guilds in German-speaking Central Europe between 1600 and 1900?
A They helped young people to learn a skill.
B They were opposed to people moving to an area for work.
C They kept better records than guilds in other parts of the world.
D They opposed practices that threatened their control over a trade.
E They predominantly consisted of wealthy merchants.
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
Timur Gareyev – blindfold chess champion
A
Next month, a chess player named Timur Gareyev will take on nearly 50 opponents at once. But that is not the hard part. While his challengers will play the games as normal, Gareyev himself will be blindfolded. Even by world record standards, it sets a high bar for human performance. The 28-year-old already stands out in the rarefied world of blindfold chess. He has a fondness for bright clothes and unusual hairstyles, and he gets his kicks from the adventure sport of BASE jumping. He has already proved himself a strong chess player, too. In a 10-hour chess marathon in 2013, Gareyev played 33 games in his head simultaneously. He won 29 and lost none. The skill has become his brand: he calls himself the Blindfold King.
B
But Gareyev’s prowess has drawn interest from beyond the chess-playing community. In the hope of understanding how he and others like him can perform such mental feats, researchers at the University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) called him in for tests. They now have their first results. ‘The ability to play a game of chess with your eyes closed is not a far reach for most accomplished player,’ said Jesse Rissman, who runs a memory lab at UCLA. ‘But the thing that’s so remarkable about Timur and a few other individuals is the number of games they can keep active at once. To me it is simply astonishing.’
C
Gareyev learned to play chess in his native Uzbekistan when he was six years old. Tutored by his grandfather, he entered his first tournament aged eight and soon became obsessed with competitions. At 16, he was crowned Asia’s youngest ever chess grandmaster. He moved to the US soon after, and as a student helped his university win its first national chess championship. In 2013, Gareyev was ranked the third best chess player in the US.
D
To the uninitiated, blindfold chess seems to call for superhuman skill. But displays of the feat go back centuries. The first recorded game in Europe was played in 13th-century Florence. In 1947, the Argentinian grandmaster Miguel Najdorf played 45 simultaneous games in his mind, winning 39 in the 24-hour session.
E
Accomplished players can develop the skill of playing blind even without realising it. The nature of the game is to run through possible moves in the mind to see how they play out. From this, regular players develop a memory for the patterns the pieces make, the defences and attacks. ‘You recreate it in your mind,’ said Gareyev. ‘A lot of players are capable of doing what I’m doing.’ The real mental challenge comes from playing multiple games at once in the head. Not only must the positions of each piece on every board be memorised, they must be recalled faithfully when needed, updated with each player’s moves, and then reliably stored again, so the brain can move on to the next board. First moves can be tough to remember because they are fairly uninteresting. But the ends of games are taxing too, as exhaustion sets in. When Gareyev is tired, his recall can get patchy. He sometimes makes moves based on only a fragmented memory of the pieces’ positions.
F
The scientists first had Gareyev perform some standard memory tests. These assessed his ability to hold numbers, pictures and words in mind. One classic test measures how many numbers a person can repeat, both forwards and backwards, soon after hearing them. Most people manage about seven. ‘He was not exceptional on any of these standard tests,’ said Rissman. ‘We didn’t find anything other than playing chess that he seems to be supremely gifted at.’ But next came the brain scans. With Gareyev lying down in the machine, Rissman looked at how well connected the various regions of the chess player’s brain were. Though the results are tentative and as yet unpublished, the scans found much greater than average communication between parts of Gareyev’s brain that make up what is called the frontoparietal control network. Of 63 people scanned alongside the chess player, only one or two scored more highly on the measure. ‘You use this network in almost any complex task. It helps you to allocate attention, keep rules in mind, and work out whether you should be responding or not,’ said Rissman.
G
It was not the only hint of something special in Gareyev’s brain. The scans also suggest that Gareyev’s visual network is more highly connected to other brain parts than usual. Initial results suggest that the areas of his brain that process visual images – such as chess boards – may have stronger links to other brain regions, and so be more powerful than normal. While the analyses are not finalised yet, they may hold the first clues to Gareyev’s extraordinary ability.
H
For the world record attempt, Gareyev hopes to play 47 blindfold games at once in about 16 hours. He will need to win 80% to claim the title. ‘I don’t worry too much about the winning percentage, that’s never been an issue for me,’ he said. ‘The most important part of blindfold chess for me is that I have found the one thing that I can fully dedicate myself to. I miss having an obsession.’
Questions 27-32
Reading Passage 3 has eight paragraphs, A-H.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
27 a reference to earlier examples of blindfold chess
28 an outline of what blindfold chess involves
29 a claim that Gareyev’s skill is limited to chess
30 why Gareyev’s skill is of interest to scientists
31 an outline of Gareyev’s priorities
32 a reason why the last part of a game may be difficult
Questions 33-36
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
33 In the forthcoming games, all the participants will be blindfolded.
34 Gareyev has won competitions in BASE jumping.
35 UCLA is the first university to carry out research into blindfold chess players.
36 Good chess players are likely to be able to play blindfold chess.
Questions 37-40
Complete the summary below
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write the correct letter in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.
How the research was carried out
The researchers started by testing Gareyev’s 37 ……………………; for example, he was required to recall a string of 38 …………………… in order and also in reverse order. Although his performance was normal, scans showed an unusual amount of 39 …………………… within the areas of Gareyev’s brain that are concerned with directing attention. In addition, the scans raised the possibility of unusual strength in the parts of his brain that deal with 40 …………………… input.
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Wenn die Aufnahme von Makronährstoffen (Eiweiß, Kohlenhydrate und Fett) beeinträchtigt ist, kann dies zu Malabsorption und plötzlichem Gewichtsverlust führen. Auch die Aufnahme von Mikronährstoffen (Vitaminen und Mineralien) kann beeinträchtigt sein.
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die auf der Skala des glykämischen Index (GI) niedrig liegen, setzen den Blutzuckerspiegel langsam und gleichmäßig
frei. Lebensmittel mit einem hohen glykämischen Index
setzen Glukose schnell frei. In verschiedenen Studien wurde nachgewiesen, dass
Omega-3-Fettsäuren das Auftreten von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen verringern können. Koronare Herzkrankheiten und Schlaganfälle sind eine der häufigsten Todesursachen in der Welt.
Sie zeigen auch, dass Personen mit einem Risiko für chronische entzündungsbedingte Herzkrankheiten vom
Verzehr von pflanzlichen und marinen Omega-3-Fettsäuren profitieren. EPA und DHA spielen eine Rolle bei der Verringerung des
oxidativen Stresses im Körper und beugen so chronischen Entzündungen vor.
When it comes to hormone substitute therapy nearly every medicine in the lineup is an injection. Fortunately with anastrozole, it
can save you yourself a couple of needle sticks since it’s a pill.
Your healthcare provider will prescribe you the appropriate form of treatment on your particular situation. As you get older, your levels of testosterone begin to drop and the levels of
estrogen start to rise which might result in unwanted symptoms.
Some other causes for rising estrogen ranges are stress, weight acquire, and testosterone alternative therapy.
“If you have high estrogen levels and are experiencing symptoms such as gynecomastia (man boobs), regardless of having wholesome testosterone levels, anastrozole could be a fantastic remedy possibility,” Staheli explains.
As part of your subscription and as medically indicated, physicians
prescribe drugs, and recommend supplements which may be delivered to
you from the consolation of your house. A 2020 examine found that men battling
erectile dysfunction had elevated estradiol levels in comparison with
men who didn’t have ED (6). “If your estrogen ranges dip under 20 pg/ml, your doctor might drop the dose to a minimal of one milligram once per week, sometimes biking it on and off for a couple of months,”
Rambhatla says. Our specialized medical professionals are armed with the latest
research and diagnostic instruments to provide you with a tailored therapy plan. Monitoring side effects
and efficacy within the initial phases can offer invaluable data to fine-tune your dosage.
They could also be used to extend gonadotropin secretion and
thereby stimulate Leydig and Sertoli cell operate.
Aromatase inhibitors may be used to prevent or delay epiphysial closure and thereby improve grownup peak.
A major concern of aromatase inhibition is the possible detrimental effect on bone mineralization. One potential good thing
about using anastrozole alongside testosterone injections is
to prevent or scale back these estrogen-related unwanted side effects.
By blocking the aromatase enzyme, anastrozole can inhibit the conversion of testosterone into estrogen,
thereby minimizing the potential for gynecomastia and different estrogen-related issues.
The dosage and frequency of anastrozole administration might vary
relying on the individual’s needs, testosterone dosage, and other components.
It is necessary to work with a healthcare professional who makes a speciality
of hormone therapy to discover out the suitable
dosage for you.
We believe one of the best strategy combines life-style interventions with efficient treatments.
Request complete blood checks to gauge your testosterone,
estrogen, and different hormone levels. It’s important to communicate openly with your healthcare
supplier about any unwanted facet effects you
experience. Age, weight, total well being, and particular person response to therapy are all
important issues.
By inhibiting the aromatase enzyme liable for this conversion, anastrozole helps preserve optimal estrogen ranges
relative to testosterone. In testosterone hormone alternative remedy, you’re
taking medications within the form of testosterone to boost
your natural ranges. With an increase in testosterone within the body, there can be
extra of the aromatase enzyme. With more aromatase enzymes current, there is a rise in estrogen in the
physique which might result in the opposite of the specified results.
Aromatase inhibitors, therefore, may be used to lower estradiol ranges and thereby decelerate epiphysial maturation. This method proved
profitable in rare situations such as the aromatase-excess syndrome [25] and high estrogen levels as a end result of Sertoli cell tumors in boys with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome [55].
Testosterone performs a crucial position in plenty of physiological processes in men, such as muscle development, bone density, and temper regulation. By guaranteeing
that estrogen levels are kept inside a traditional range, anastrozole could assist
preserve these processes with out interference from excessive estrogen ranges.
Anastrozole works by inhibiting the activity of aromatase, thereby reducing the
quantity of estrogen produced in the body. To determine
the suitable dosage of anastrozole, it is recommended to begin with a
low dose and steadily titrate up if necessary. The preliminary
dose commonly prescribed is zero.25mg to zero.5mg of anastrozole taken every other day or 3 times per week.
Moreover, Anastrozole could also be ineffective in bettering libido, as estrogens are additionally wanted for
normal sexual desire in men. This means Anastrozole use is
restricted to a selected subset of patients who have delicate hypogonadism and wish to stay fertile.
These with severe hypogonadism and/or a complete lack of testicular perform may not find the therapy efficient.
In men, solely small quantities of testosterone are transformed to estrogen, and the
method happens largely in the adipose tissues.
We also did not discern nor account steroids for sale online (https://baitshepegi.co.za/employer/food-to-increase-testosterone-hormone) potential physiologic variations in males on AZ on clomiphene citrate versus those on exogenous TTH.
We weren’t able to validate if AZ or clomiphene citrate didn’t interfere with E2 immunoassay testing.
Furthermore all males didn’t have measurements completed by LCMS however had been included to have
the ability to acquire a reasonable pattern size. A sensitivity evaluation solely using LCMS
measurements revealed similar outcomes (Supplementary
Table 3).
However, it is essential to perceive the potential dangers and benefits of taking these two medications
together. Moreover, misuse of aromatase inhibitors is unlikely since
testosterone levels will not be stimulated to vastly supraphysiological levels.
A small, controlled examine demonstrated that anastrozole in a
dose of 1 mg daily throughout 12 weeks will lead to doubling of
the imply bioavailable testosterone degree in older males [36].
A newer research also confirmed a moderate however important impact of aromatase inhibition on estradiol
and testosterone ranges in older men [37].
Aber auch dieser Cluster sagt uns nicht, was wir essen sollen. Er
beschreibt die Funktionen, die der Fettstoffwechsel hat,
nicht aber, wie wir ihn ohne Medikamente gezielt
manipulieren. Die Fragen, die sich die Forscher stellen, liegen an anderen Stellen.
In dem ganzen Wust der Gene, die für den deutschen Fitnessstudiogänger einfach keine Relevanz haben, gibt es zumindest ein paar,
die auch wirklich auf eine Interaktion zwischen Essen und Genen hindeuten. Ein Experiment
aus dem Jahr 2001 zeigt, dass einige Menschen mit erhöhter Aktivität reagieren und 69% der zugeführten überschüssigen Kalorien direkt wieder
verbrennen. Andere wiederum reagieren überhaupt nicht und nehmen 100 percent zu.
In der Wissenschaft nennt man das „Resistance to overfeeding
induced weight achieve.” Abgesehen davon ist es hochinteressant, dass der BMI vererbbar erscheint. Man schätzt, dass insgesamt 40% des BMI komplett vererbt werden. Zuerst könnte man auch denken, dass hier nur die Kultur der Eltern dran schuld ist.
Reagieren Menschen anders auf Essen an sich oder bestimmte Nährstoffe? Gerade letztere Variante spielt den neuen Anbietern, die Gentests für den Konsumentenbereich anbieten, in die Karten. Gentests erscheinen einem als ein neuer Heilsbringer in der Fitness- und Ernährungsbranche. Die Ergebnisse sagen einem, was für ein Gentyp man ist.
Unsere Gentests analysieren Deine DNA und müssen nur einmal im Leben durchgeführt werden. Dabei werden bis zu 100 genetische Varianten von bis zu 60 Genen bewertet. Wir machen Sie darauf aufmerksam, dass die Befüllung des Bewertungsbalkens, insbesondere in Bereichen mit wenigen genetischen Varianten, durch kleine Variationen im Beitrag der einzelnen genetischen Varianten beeinflusst werden kann.
Diesen Cookie aktiviert zu lassen, hilft uns, unsere Web Site zu verbessern. Hartes Coaching allein reicht nicht aus, um die bestmögliche Leistung zu erzielen. Intelligentes Coaching bringt Sie Ihren Ziele näher und verringert das Verletzungsrisiko. Sich selbst zu kennen ist der erste Schritt zu einem sinnvollen Trainingsplan. Sehr nützlich für Psychiatrische Kliniken und psychologische Praxen.
Dieser Ansatz ermöglicht die Erstellung von Ernährungsplänen, die vollständig auf die Bedürfnisse des Einzelnen abgestimmt sind. Individuelle Bedürfnisse der einzelnen Personen, um die Ergebnisse zu maximieren und einen außergewöhnlichen und differenzierten Service im Bereich der Ernährung zu viel testosteron haarausfall bieten. Wir möchten, dass du deine genetische Veranlagung kennst und
das Beste aus deinen individuellen Voraussetzungen herausholst.
Natürlich spielen auch Training, Ernährung, Umgebung, Motivation und andere epigenetische Faktoren eine
Rolle. Ihre Genetik tut dies nicht und es ist ein Schlüsselelement,
das Sie kennen sollten. Ein weiteres, genauso für den Freizeittrainierenden uninteressantes Feld sind Gene, die sich mit systemischen Entzündungsfaktoren beschäftigen. Diese
sind für Forscher, nicht aber Sportler, hoch interessant.
Gleichzeitig hilft dir ein personalisierter Ansatz dabei, problematische Lebensmittel zu
meiden, die möglicherweise adverse Auswirkungen auf deinen Stoffwechsel haben. Unsere Gene spielen eine entscheidende Rolle in nahezu jedem Aspekt unseres Lebens, von unserer Körpergröße bis hin zu unserer Anfälligkeit für bestimmte Krankheiten. Doch die Einflüsse der Genetik reichen noch
viel weiter. Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass unsere genetische Veranlagung auch bestimmt, wie unser Körper auf verschiedene
Nahrungsmittel reagiert. Ein einfaches Beispiel ist die Laktoseintoleranz,
bei der die Fähigkeit, Milchzucker zu verdauen, genetisch bedingt ist.
Geneventure gewährleistet die Vertraulichkeit aller personenbezogenen Daten und Testergebnisse in Übereinstimmung mit der DSGVO.
Additionally, testosterone levels are influenced by numerous factors, including genetics,
life-style, and total health. Therefore, consuming onions alone will not be enough to significantly
impact testosterone levels. The sulfur compounds in onions — diallyl disulfide, S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, and S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide
— have insulinotropic and antidiabetic effects.
Yes, ladies can also benefit from the potential testosterone-boosting results of onions.
Testosterone is a vital hormone for each women and men,
and sustaining healthy levels of testosterone is useful for overall well-being.
Onions are a beloved ingredient in lots of cuisines, enhancing flavour and
offering well being advantages even when eaten uncooked regardless of bringing tears to
the eyes.
Consequently, there is a robust interest in natural methods to
sustain or enhance testosterone, main many to discover dietary
interventions, including the consumption of raw onions.
There is limited scientific proof to support the claim that uncooked
onion immediately boosts testosterone ranges.
Uncooked onion accommodates several compounds which are believed to have potential testosterone-boosting effects.
These compounds embody quercetin, a flavonoid that has been proven to extend
testosterone levels in animal studies. Moreover, raw onion is wealthy in sulfur compounds, which
may even have a optimistic influence on testosterone manufacturing.
It is recommended to devour a reasonable quantity of onions,
similar to a few instances per week, to hold up the advantages without causing digestive discomfort.
Onion additionally reduces cholesterol and lipid levels in the physique,
which helps keep blood vessels wholesome. This is very necessary for males with excessive levels of cholesterol, as it can lead to cardiovascular problems.
Whereas onions comprise compounds that may help testosterone manufacturing, their results in older males remain much
less studied. Lifestyle elements similar
to sustaining a healthy weight, staying bodily energetic, and consuming a
nutrient-rich diet will have a extra profound influence on testosterone ranges than onions alone.
Nonetheless, incorporating onions as a part of an total hormone-supportive food regimen can be helpful in promoting long-term
health and well-being. In conclusion, uncooked onion contains compounds and
nutrients that will contribute to increased
testosterone manufacturing. Quercetin, sulfur compounds like sulforaphane, in addition to
nutritional vitamins and minerals present in uncooked onion, have been studied for
his or her potential testosterone-boosting
effects. Nevertheless, additional research is required to
totally understand their mechanisms of action and their
specific impression on testosterone ranges.
Sure, the testosterone-boosting results of onions
could be enhanced when mixed with other nutrient-rich foods.
Meals excessive in zinc, vitamin D, and healthy
fats, corresponding to eggs, fatty fish, and nuts, play a important
position in testosterone production. Additionally, combining onions with garlic might create a complementary effect, as garlic reduces cortisol levels whereas
onions assist testosterone synthesis.
In conclusion, the particular quantity of onion consumption required to see a
noticeable impact on testosterone levels isn’t nicely established.
Whereas some research have instructed that onions may have the potential to increase testosterone ranges, more research is required to substantiate these findings
and decide the optimum dosage. Additionally, individual variations in metabolism and hormonal stability could
influence the response to onion consumption. As with any dietary change, you will want to consult with
a healthcare professional or nutritionist before making important changes
to your food plan.
Specifically, as shown in Desk 1, you will want to point that the only human study that directly link between onion and testosterone reveal a optimistic impact of onion extracts on testosterone [17].
Nonetheless, more confirmatory human studies on this particular research context are nonetheless very imperative.
A abstract of the analysis studies carried out on onions or onion extracts and their reported effects
on testosterone. Animal studies using onion juice, extract, or bulb have
shown moderately optimistic effects on Testosterone ranges in males,
as well as in one human research. Onions have proven antioxidant, antimicrobial, and
anti inflammatory properties, which may contribute to a nutritious diet.
One of the most effective methods to naturally boost testosterone levels is through dietary adjustments.
In addition to the well-known testosterone-boosting meals like oysters and red meat, there
are a number of other meals that can help increase testosterone manufacturing in the body.
Onions are rich in a compound called quercetin, which has been discovered to have potential testosterone-boosting properties.
References:
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Il s’agit femmes souffrant d’un déficit en Testostérone stéroïde C19 et de
l’hormone naturelle la plus efficace de la famille des androgènes.
Chez l’homme, une testostéronémie trop faible est généralement le signe d’un hypogonadisme.
Ce déficit en androgènes peut être lié à un problème au niveau du testicule ou d’origine
centrale (hypothalamus ou hypophyse). L’hypotestostéronémie peut aussi être liée à une cirrhose,
à la prise de certains médicaments (mitotanes) ou
à une hypothyroïdie, entre autres. La testostérone est une
hormone sécrétée par les testicules chez l’homme, en moindre quantité par les ovaires chez la
femme et également par les glandes surrénales chez les deux
sexes. Chez l’homme, la manufacturing de testostérone a lieu durant
la vie fœtale, puis s’arrête à la naissance et recommence à la puberté.
Diminution du niveau d’énergie, de l’endurance ou de la force physique.
Actuellement, il y a seventy eight autres calculatrices liées, y compris Calculatrice de Conversion, Calculatrice de Degrés à Radians, Calculatrice de Radians à
Degrés, Convertir mL en L et Convertir L en mL. Les densités
prédéfinies font gagner du temps et garantissent l’exactitude
en fournissant des valeurs fiables pour des substances courantes comme l’eau, le miel et le sérum physiologique.
Oui, tant que la densité est exprimée en mg/mL, le calculateur
fonctionne pour les liquides et les solides.
Un traitement substitutif par testostérone peut être envisagé selon le contexte.
Chez l’homme, il varie entre eight,2 et 34,6 nmol/l,
selon l’âge et la situation physique. Mais si
cela ne suffit pas, il peut être intéressant d’avoir recours à une TRT (thérapie de remplacement de la testostérone).
Selon la recherche scientifique, le rapport
T/E2 est un paramètre lié à divers elements de la santé
masculine.
La testostérone totale inclut toutes les formes présentes dans le sang,
tandis que la testostérone libre est la seule directement energetic dans l’organisme.
Dans le cadre d’une analyse complète, pensez à bien préciser au médecin que
vous souhaitez aussi connaître votre taux de testostérone libre.
La plupart du temps, un tel examen est effectué dans un laboratoire.
L’objectif est de déceler une éventuelle anomalie
dans les niveaux des hormones (la testostérone bien sûr, mais aussi la DHEA, l’insuline
ou encore le cortisol). Si vous observez les effets indésirables d’un dérèglement
hormonal, mieux vaut faire un check afin de contrôler vos niveaux
d’hormones sexuelles. Le dosage du taux sanguin de testostérone fait partie du bilan hormonal en cas, par exemple, d’hirsutisme chez la femme ou de troubles de l’érection chez
l’homme ou de bilan d’infertilité.
Et le risque est de cumuler la masturbation avec un visionnage trop important de porno.
Avec l’andropause, les taux chutent progressivement, ce qui peut provoquer des symptômes dès
qu’ils descendent sous les seuils minimaux (environ 2,5 ng/mL).
Il est également attainable de doser la testostérone dans
la salive, bien que ce check soit moins répandu.
Un professionnel peut vous conseiller sur la nécessité d’un check sanguin et d’autres vérifications pertinentes.
Il est essentiel d’agir rapidement pour éviter
que les effets négatifs des niveaux bas de testostérone
ne s’aggravent avec le temps. Évaluer votre taux
de testostérone est essential pour maintenir votre santé et votre bien-être.
C’est aussi le cas lors de certaines pathologies telles que l’hypogonadisme.
En conclusion, le dosage de la testostérone est un sujet complexe nécessitant une attention particulière.
Une évaluation adéquate et un suivi médical sont cruciaux pour garantir la sécurité et l’efficacité
du traitement. Prenez toujours le temps de discuter avec votre médecin des meilleures options pour votre santé.
Il est recommandé de faire le take a look at le matin, automobile les niveaux de testostérone sont généralement plus
élevés à ce moment-là. Obtenez vos derniers résultats
d’analyse sanguine (mesurés en ng/dL ou nmol/L).
Les résultats de la prise de sang aident à comprendre si une baisse de testostérone est liée à l’andropause ou à une autre pathologie.
Ces résultats sont souvent interprétés en lien avec l’âge et les symptômes cliniques.
En cas de déficit androgénique lié à l’âge, des traitements comme la thérapie de substitution à base de testostérone peuvent être envisagés.
La prise de sang permet de déterminer si les injections de testostérone
sont nécessaires et de surveiller leur efficacité.
On trouve de bonnes graisses (insaturées) dans les
avocats, le saumon, les noix, les graines et les huiles de haute qualité, comme l’huile d’olive.
Par exemple, supposons qu’il s’agit d’une concentration de 20 mg⋅mL⁻¹ (ou 20 mg/mL),
et que vous entrez cette valeur dans le convertisseur.
Si vous souhaitez connaître le volume de liquide contenant
50 mg de médicament, saisissez 50 mg dans la première ligne
de l’outil, et vous verrez que la réponse est 2,5 mL. Fatigue, baisse de libido, perte musculaire, prise
de poids, chute de cheveux et troubles de l’humeur peuvent être des signes
d’un déficit en testostérone. C’est le matin que les niveaux de testostérone dans l’organisme
sont les plus élevés.
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