Cambridge 17 Reading Test 02
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
The Dead Sea Scrolls
In late 1946 or early 1947, three Bedouin teenagers were tending their goats and sheep near the ancient settlement of Qumran, located on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea in what is now known as the West Bank. One of these young shepherds tossed a rock into an opening on the side of a cliff and was surprised to hear a shattering sound. He and his companions later entered the cave and stumbled across a collection of large clay jars, seven of which contained scrolls with writing on them. The teenagers took the seven scrolls to a nearby town where they were sold for a small sum to a local antiquities dealer. Word of the find spread, and Bedouins and archaeologists eventually unearthed tens of thousands of additional scroll fragments from 10 nearby caves; together they make up between 800 and 900 manuscripts. It soon became clear that this was one of the greatest archaeological discoveries ever made.
The origin of the Dead Sea Scrolls, which were written around 2,000 years ago between 150 BCE and 70 CE, is still the subject of scholarly debate even today. According to the prevailing theory, they are the work of a population that inhabited the area until Roman troops destroyed the settlement around 70 CE. The area was known as Judea at that time, and the people are thought to have belonged to a group called the Essenes, a devout Jewish sect.
The majority of the texts on the Dead Sea Scrolls are in Hebrew, with some fragments written in an ancient version of its alphabet thought to have fallen out of use in the fifth century BCE. But there are other languages as well. Some scrolls are in Aramaic, the language spoken by many inhabitants of the region from the sixth century BCE to the siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE. In addition, several texts feature translations of the Hebrew Bible into Greek.
The Dead Sea Scrolls include fragments from every book of the Old Testament of the Bible except for the Book of Esther. The only entire book of the Hebrew Bible preserved among the manuscripts from Qumran is Isaiah; this copy, dated to the first century BCE, is considered the earliest biblical manuscript still in existence. Along with biblical texts, the scrolls include documents about sectarian regulations and religious writings that do not appear in the Old Testament.
The writing on the Dead Sea Scrolls is mostly in black or occasionally red ink, and the scrolls themselves are nearly all made of neither parchment (animal skin) or an early form of paper called ‘papyrus’. The only exception is the scroll numbered 3Q15, which was created out of a combination of copper and tin. Known as the Copper Scroll, this curious document features letters chiselled onto metal – perhaps, as some have theorized, to better withstand the passage of time. One of the most intriguing manuscripts from Qumran, this is a sort of ancient treasure map that lists dozens of gold and silver caches. Using an unconventional vocabulary and odd spelling, it describes 64 underground hiding places that supposedly contain riches buried for safekeeping. None of these hoards have been recovered, possibly because the Romans pillaged Judea during the first century CE. According to various hypotheses, the treasure belonged to local people, or was rescued from the Second Temple before its destruction or never existed to begin with.
Some of the Dead Sea Scrolls have been on interesting journeys. In 1948, a Syrian Orthodox archbishop known as Mar Samuel acquired four of the original seven scrolls from a Jerusalem shoemaker and part-time antiquity dealer, paying less than $100 for them. He then travelled to the United States and unsuccessfully offered them to a number of universities, including Yale. Finally, in 1954, he placed an advertisement in the business newspaper The Wall Street Journal – under the category ‘Miscellaneous Items for Sale’ – that read: ‘Biblical Manuscripts dating back to at least 200 B.C. are for sale. This would be an ideal gift to an educational or religious institution by an individual or group.’ Fortunately, Israeli archaeologist and statesman Yigael Yadin negotiated their purchase and brought the scrolls back to Jerusalem, where they remain to this day.
In 2017, researchers from the University of Haifa restored and deciphered one of the last untranslated scrolls. The university’s Eshbal Ratson and Jonathan Ben-Dov spent one year reassembling the 60 fragments that make up the scroll. Deciphered from a band of coded text on parchment, the find provides insight into the community of people who wrote it and the 364-day calendar they would have used. The scroll names celebrations that indicate shifts in seasons and details two yearly religious events known from another Dead Sea Scroll. Only one more known scroll remains untranslated.
Questions 1-5
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
The Dead Sea Scrolls
Discovery
Qumran, 1946/7
● three Bedouin shepherds in their teens were near an opening on side of cliff
● heard a noise of breaking when one teenager threw a 1 ……………………
● teenagers went into the 2 …………………… and found a number of containers made of 3 ……………………
The scrolls
● date from between 150 BCE and 70 CE
● thought to have been written by group of people known as the 4 ……………………
● written mainly in the 5 …………………… language
● most are on religious topics, written using ink on parchment or papyrus
Questions 6-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 6-13 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
6 The Bedouin teenagers who found the scrolls were disappointed by how little money they received for them.
7 There is agreement among academics about the origin of the Dead Sea Scrolls.
8 Most of the books of the Bible written on the scrolls are incomplete.
9 The information on the Copper Scroll is written in an unusual way.
10 Mar Samuel was given some of the scrolls as a gift.
11 In the early 1950s, a number of educational establishments in the US were keen to buy scrolls from Mar Samuel.
12 The scroll that was pieced together in 2017 contains information about annual occasions in the Qumran area 2,000 years ago.
13 Academics at the University of Haifa are currently researching how to decipher the final scroll.
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
A second attempt at domesticating the tomato
A
It took at least 3,000 years for humans to learn how to domesticate the wild tomato and cultivate it for food. Now two separate teams in Brazil and China have done it all over again in less than three years. And they have done it better in some ways, as the re-domesticated tomatoes are more nutritious than the ones we eat at present.
This approach relies on the revolutionary CRISPR genome editing technique, in which changes are deliberately made to the DNA of a living cell, allowing genetic material to be added, removed or altered. The technique could not only improve existing crops, but could also be used to turn thousands of wild plants into useful and appealing foods. In fact, a third team in the US has already begun to do this with a relative of the tomato called the groundcherry.
This fast-track domestication could help make the world’s food supply healthier and far more resistant to diseases, such as the rust fungus devastating wheat crops.
‘This could transform what we eat,’ says Jorg Kudla at the University of Munster in Germany, a member of the Brazilian team. ‘There are 50,000 edible plants in the world, but 90 percent of our energy comes from just 15 crops.’
‘We can now mimic the known domestication course of major crops like rice, maize, sorghum or others,’ says Caixia Gao of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. ‘Then we might try to domesticate plants that have never been domesticated.’
B
Wild tomatoes, which are native to the Andes region in South America, produce pea-sized fruits. Over many generations, peoples such as the Aztecs and Incas transformed the plant by selecting and breeding plants with mutations* in their genetic structure, which resulted in desirable traits such as larger fruit.
But every time a single plant with a mutation is taken from a larger population for breeding, much genetic diversity is lost. And sometimes the desirable mutations come with less desirable traits. For instance, the tomato strains grown for supermarkets have lost much of their flavour.
By comparing the genomes of modern plants to those of their wild relatives, biologists have been working out what genetic changes occurred as plants were domesticated. The teams in Brazil and China have now used this knowledge to reintroduce these changes from scratch while maintaining or even enhancing the desirable traits of wild strains.
C
Kudla’s team made six changes altogether. For instance, they tripled the size of fruit by editing a gene called FRUIT WEIGHT, and increased the number of tomatoes per truss by editing another called MULTIFLORA.
While the historical domestication of tomatoes reduced levels of the red pigment lycopene – thought to have potential health benefits – the team in Brazil managed to boost it instead. The wild tomato has twice as much lycopene as cultivated ones; the newly domesticated one has five times as much.
‘They are quite tasty,’ says Kudla. ‘A little bit strong. And very aromatic.’
The team in China re-domesticated several strains of wild tomatoes with desirable traits lost in domesticated tomatoes. In this way they managed to create a strain resistant to a common disease called bacterial spot race, which can devastate yields. They also created another strain that is more salt tolerant – and has higher levels of vitamin C.
D
Meanwhile, Joyce Van Eck at the Boyce Thompson Institute in New York state decided to use the same approach to domesticate the groundcherry or goldenberry (Physalis pruinosa) for the first time. This fruit looks similar to the closely related Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana).
Groundcherries are already sold to a limited extent in the US but they are hard to produce because the plant has a sprawling growth habit and the small fruits fall off the branches when ripe. Van Eck’s team has edited the plants to increase fruit size, make their growth more compact and to stop fruits dropping. ‘There’s potential for this to be a commercial crop,’ says Van Eck. But she adds that taking the work further would be expensive because of the need to pay for a licence for the CRISPR technology and get regulatory approval.
E
This approach could boost the use of many obscure plants, says Jonathan Jones of the Sainsbury Lab in the UK. But it will be hard for new foods to grow so popular with farmers and consumers that they become new staple crops, he thinks.
The three teams already have their eye on other plants that could be ‘catapulted into the mainstream’, including foxtail, oat-grass and cowpea. By choosing wild plants that are drought or heat tolerant, says Gao, we could create crops that will thrive even as the planet warms.
But Kudla didn’t want to reveal which species were in his team’s sights, because CRISPR has made the process so easy. ‘Any one with the right skills could go to their lab and do this.’
———————-
* mutations: changes in an organism’s genetic structure that can be passed down to later generations
Questions 14-18
Reading Passage 2 has five paragraphs, A-E.
Which section contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
14 a reference to a type of tomato that can resist a dangerous infection.
15 an explanation of how problems can arise from focusing only on a certain type of tomato plant.
16 a number of examples of plants that are not cultivated at present but could be useful as food sources.
17 a comparison between the early domestication of the tomato and more recent research
18 a personal reaction to the flavour of a tomato that has been genetically edited
Questions 19-23
Look at the following statements (Questions 19-23) and the list of researchers below.
Match each statement with the correct researcher, A-D.
Write the correct letter, A-D, in boxes 19-23 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
19 Domestication of certain plants could allow them to adapt to future environmental challenges.
20 The idea of growing and eating unusual plants may not be accepted on a large scale.
21 It is not advisable for the future direction of certain research to be made public.
22 Present efforts to domesticate one wild fruit are limited by the costs involved.
23 Humans only make use of a small proportion of the plant food available on Earth.
List of Researchers A Jorg Kudla B Caixia Gao C Joyce Van Eck D Jonathan Jones |
Questions 24-26
Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.
24 An undesirable trait such as loss of ……………………… may be caused by a mutation in a tomato gene.
25 By modifying one gene in a tomato plant, researchers made the tomato three times its original ………………………
26 A type of tomato which was not badly affected by ………………………, and was rich in vitamin C, was produced by a team of researchers in China.
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
Insight or evolution?
Two scientists consider the origins of discoveries and other innovative behavior
Scientific discovery is popularly believed to result from the sheer genius of such intellectual stars as naturalist Charles Darwin and theoretical physicist Albert Einstein. Our view of such unique contributions to science often disregards the person’s prior experience and the efforts of their lesser-known predecessors. Conventional wisdom also places great weight on insight in promoting breakthrough scientific achievements, as if ideas spontaneously pop into someone’s head – fully formed and functional.
There may be some limited truth to this view. However, we believe that it largely misrepresents the real nature of scientific discovery, as well as that of creativity and innovation in many other realms of human endeavor.
Setting aside such greats as Darwin and Einstein – whose monumental contributions are duly celebrated – we suggest that innovation is more a process of trial and error, where two steps forward may sometimes come with one step back, as well as one or more stops to the right or left. This evolutionary view of human innovation undermines the notion of creative genius and recognizes the cumulative nature of scientific progress.
Consider one unheralded scientist: John Nicholson, a mathematical physicist working in the 1910s who postulated the existence of ‘proto-elements’ in outer space. By combining different numbers of weights of these proto-elements’ atoms, Nicholson could recover the weights of all the elements in the then-known periodic table. These successes are all the more noteworthy given the fact that Nicholson was wrong about the presence of proto-elements: they do not actually exist. Yet, amid his often fanciful theories and wild speculations, Nicholson also proposed a novel theory about the structure of atoms. Niels Bohr, the Nobel prize-winning father of modern atomic theory, jumped off from this interesting idea to conceive his now-famous model of the atom.
What are we to make of this story? One might simply conclude that science is a collective and cumulative enterprise. That may be true, but there may be a deeper insight to be gleaned. We propose that science is constantly evolving, much as species of animals do. In biological systems, organisms may display new characteristics that result from random genetic mutations. In the same way, random, arbitrary or accidental mutations of ideas may help pave the way for advances in science. If mutations prove beneficial, then the animal or the scientific theory will continue to thrive and perhaps reproduce.
Support for this evolutionary view of behavioral innovation comes from many domains. Consider one example of an influential innovation in US horseracing. The so-called ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup placement, in which the rider’s foot in his left stirrup is placed as much as 25 centimeters lower than the right, is believed to confer important speed advantages when turning on oval tracks. It was developed by a relatively unknown jockey named Jackie Westrope. Had Westrope conducted methodical investigations or examined extensive film records in a shrewd plan to outrun his rivals? Had he foreseen the speed advantage that would be conferred by riding acey-deucy? No. He suffered a leg injury, which left him unable to fully bend his left knee. His modification just happened to coincide with enhanced left-hand turning performance. This led to the rapid and widespread adoption of riding acey-deucy by many riders, a racing style which continues in today’s thoroughbred racing.
Plenty of other stories show that fresh advances can arise from error, misadventure, and also pure serendipity – a happy accident. For example, in the early 1970s, two employees of the company 3M each had a problem: Spencer Silver had a product – a glue which was only slightly sticky – and no use for it, while his colleague Art Fry was trying to figure out how to affix temporary bookmarks in his hymn book without damaging its pages. The solution to both these problems was invention of the brilliantly simple yet phenomenally successful Post-It note. Such examples give lie to the claim that ingenious, designing minds are responsible for human creativity and invention. Far more banal and mechanical forces may be at work; forces that are fundamentally connected to the laws of science.
The notions of insight, creativity and genius are often invoked, but they remain vague and of doubtful scientific utility, especially when one considers the diverse and enduring contributions of individuals such as Plato, Leonardo da Vinci, Shakespeare, Beethoven, Galileo, Newton, Kepler, Curie, Pasteur and Edison. These notions merely label rather than explain the evolution of human innovations. We need another approach, and there is a promising candidate.
The Law of Effect was advanced by psychologist Edward Thorndike in 1898, some 40 years after Charles Darwin published his groundbreaking work on biological evolution, On the Origin of Species. This simple law holds that organisms tend to repeat successful behaviors and to refrain from performing unsuccessful ones. Just like Darwin’s Law of Natural Selection, the Law of Effect involves an entirely mechanical process of variation and selection, without any end objective in sight.
Of course, the origin of human innovation demands much further study. In particular, the provenance of the raw material on which the Law of Effect operates is not as clearly known as that of the genetic mutations on which the Law of Natural Selection operates. The generation of novel ideas and behaviors may not be entirely random, but constrained by prior successes and failures – of the current individual (such as Bohr) or of predecessors (such as Nicholson).
The time seems right for abandoning the naïve notion of intelligent design and genius, and for scientifically exploring the true origins of creative behavior.
Questions 27-31
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.
27 The purpose of the first paragraph is to
A defend particular ideas.
B compare certain beliefs.
C disprove a widely held view.
D outline a common assumption.
28 What are the writers doing in the second paragraph?
A criticising an opinion
B justifying a standpoint
C explaining an approach
D supporting an argument
29 In the third paragraph, what do the writers suggest about Darwin and Einstein?
A They represent an exception to a general rule.
B Their way of working has been misunderstood.
C They are an ideal which others should aspire to.
D Their achievements deserve greater recognition.
30 John Nicholson is an example of a person whose idea
A established his reputation as an influential scientist.
B was only fully understood at a later point in history.
C laid the foundations for someone else’s breakthrough.
D initially met with scepticism from the scientific community.
31 What is the key point of interest about the ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup placement?
A the simple reason why it was invented
B the enthusiasm with which it was adopted
C the research that went into its development
D the cleverness of the person who first used it
Questions 32-36
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
32 Acknowledging people such as Plato or da Vinci as geniuses will help us understand the process by which great minds create new ideas.
33 The Law of Effect was discovered at a time when psychologists were seeking a scientific reason why creativity occurs.
34 The Law of Effect states that no planning is involved in the behaviour of organisms.
35 The Law of Effect sets out clear explanations about the sources of new ideas and behaviours.
36 Many scientists are now turning away from the notion of intelligent design and genius.
Questions 37-40
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-G, below.
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.
The origins of creative behaviour
The traditional view of scientific discovery is that breakthroughs happen when a single great mind has sudden 37 …………………… . Although this can occur, it is not often the case. Advances are more likely to be the result of a longer process. In some cases, this process involves 38 ……………………, such as Nicholson’s theory about proto-elements. In others, simple necessity may provoke innovation, as with Westrope’s decision to modify the position of his riding stirrups. There is also often an element of 39 ……………………, for example, the coincidence of ideas that led to the invention of the Post-It note. With both the Law of Natural Selection and the Law of Effect, there may be no clear 40 …………………… involved, but merely a process of variation and selection.
A invention B goals C compromise
D mistakes E luck F inspiration
G experiments
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slow-acting esters, inflicting users to experience fast outcomes that persist into the
latter phases of a cycle. We discover that 1-2
Sustanon 250 injections are needed per week to maintain peak serum testosterone levels.
We have seen a first-time testosterone cycle add 20–30 pounds of lean muscle to
users—even in conservative dosages. Consequently, injectable
steroids can be taken for longer intervals of time (up to 12 weeks).
Orals, however, are solely taken in short cycles due to raised ALT (alanine aminotransferase)
and AST (aspartate transaminase) liver enzymes, signifying hepatic stress.
Consequently, we often see oral steroids having a damaging impact
on liver and coronary heart health.
Your physician is one other essential person you must consult before embarking on this
journey. They will information you on how to use them accurately and advocate the best type to use.
Nevertheless, you must make sure that the product you go for does not comprise dangerous elements.
Bear In Mind that finding the proper coach is a private process, and it might take some time to
find somebody who aligns together with your needs and targets.
Don’t rush the choice, and be happy to interview or seek the
advice of with multiple coaches earlier than making your choice.
Nearly all Boldenone manufacturers are often faked or counterfeited, so if you’re looking for real stuff, due diligence and a great
quantity of analysis are required. Underdosing could be a huge problem,
and you’ll only suspect that is the case if you’re not getting the effects you
expected after utilizing the product for a quantity of months.
One of the more mysterious unwanted aspect effects that just
some customers have reported is an onset or improve in anxiety.
I say mysterious as a outcome of we don’t know what causes it, although some other AAS also where can you buy anabolic steroids
(bvp.thesamplekey.com) induce anxiety and
comparable feelings. Nolvadex for 4-6 weeks at 20mg/day, decreased to 10mg/day for the ultimate week.
This intermediate Parabolan cycle might be classified as another bulking or mass gaining cycle, and combines
three anabolic steroids similar of their launch charges and half-lives.
Testosterone Enanthate is utilized at a TRT dose of 100mg/week, whereas Equipoise is utilized at 400mg/week.
This cycle ought to present a low incidence of aromatization, with
the exception of the possibility of Dianabol. Dianabol is
inserted firstly of the cycle and run until week 6 so as to kick-start the
cycle. The use of a kickstarting compound is completed
in order that the consumer can experience features within the first
several weeks after they otherwise wouldn’t experience quick changes from the long-acting
compounds alone. This intermediate Testosterone Cypionate cycle is that of the ever
so in style and commonly used Testosterone/Nandrolone/Dianabol cycle stack.
It is, of course, finest suited as an intermediate level
Testosterone Cypionate cycle, and contrary to what the overwhelming
majority of anabolic steroid customers suppose, this is by no means a newbie cycle.
SERMs will work by binding to estrogen receptors, this stops the
estrogen within the physique from binding and causing any critical points.
This method is not going to utterly remove estrogen from the
physique, so there is still a small threat of unwanted aspect effects.
Every steroid might be injected 3 instances weekly, for
as a lot as 12 weeks, with Take A Look At Prop at 450mg weekly, Masteron at 300mg weekly and Tren Ace at 300mg weekly.
Masteron Prop is injected in an identical method to Testosterone Prop (3 instances per week for
10 weeks), but at a barely lower weekly dosage of around 225mg.
This is very the case with Trenbolone when its vast energy and favorable capabilities are thought of.
In The End, you will need to prioritize overall health and work with a healthcare professional when contemplating the
utilization of any performance-enhancing drug.
Using steroids at higher doses for bulking can increase unwanted facet effects, while using them during a calorie deficit
for cutting can pressure the body. Common blood checks,
liver function tests, and blood strain checks are beneficial.
Masteron or Trenbolone are in style stacking choices when utilizing EQ for slicing.
A want to eat extra is a big plus on any bulking cycle (provided you’re filling
up with appropriate calories). Still, individuals occasionally
report no noticeable change in appetite, which can be good if you would like to embrace EQ in a
cutting cycle. The specific steroids you utilize are as much as you, but it’s common to make use
of something like Anadrol or Dianabol (both around
50 mg per day) to speed up muscle progress and lay down some serious slabs of
muscle mass.
Trenbolone is thought to suppress pure testosterone production, so supplementing with exogenous testosterone can help offset this impact and forestall hormonal imbalances.
When it comes to the world of performance-enhancing medicine, athletes and bodybuilders are sometimes on the lookout
for methods to maximise their features and enhance their total performance.
One common technique is to stack multiple compounds together
to create a synergistic effect.
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Older males require better testosterone production to handle their erectile function and intercourse drive.
If an individual suspects that they could have excessive
testosterone ranges primarily based on these signs,
it is suggested to seek the guidance of with
a healthcare professional. A doctor can carry out a
blood test to measure the testosterone ranges precisely.
If you’ve never had low testosterone, there’s usually no cause to be using testosterone supplements or steroids.
Starting a better skincare routine, managing testosterone levels, and incorporating
extra skin-healthy B nutritional vitamins into your diet may help to manage pimples.
Testosterone dietary supplements alone won’t lead to significant weight loss
or trigger muscle mass to look. Accordingly, in try to stop the
onset of extra critical circumstances, continue studying
to find more about indicators and symptoms of high testosterone ranges.
Finest TRT offers an internet platform that simplifies access to testosterone
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With our skilled steerage and user-friendly service, managing your testosterone levels has by no means been easier.
On the opposite hand, it’s extra favorable for girls to get high quality over quantity since
she has to carry a toddler for 9 months and is responsible for the majority of child rearing.
A little simplistic but… men’s primary objective for sex is to spread their
seed as far and broad as attainable. It’s a matter of quantity over quality… a direct effect
of testosterone on your mind.
More accurately, most medical doctors will let you know it’s
outright harmful. For the average male, 1000ng/dl corresponds to about 150mg to 200mg of
supplemental testosterone per week, depending
on the individual’s metabolizing capacity. Testosterone levels larger than 1000ng/dl or 35nmol/L
are usually considered “significantly above normal” for males.
They will most likely recommend a blood take
a look at that may help determine precisely how a lot testosterone is in your system and if it’s an excessive
amount of or not sufficient. In addition to these effects, testosterone results in sperm being produced, intercourse drive growing, and the penis
becoming fully matured. If anabolic steroids are in the picture,
it’s time to assume seriously about stepping away from them.
Sure, they could look like a shortcut to constructing muscle, but the dangers they convey to your well being simply aren’t worth
it. There are meds on the market that can lower testosterone production or block its effects, serving to
you dodge those undesirable signs. The threshold for “too high” testosterone varies, but most experts
agree that persistently being within the higher end or past the 1,000 ng/dL vary
could be problematic. An imbalance may be caused by pure components, such
as genetics, or through using testosterone-enhancing products like anabolic
steroids or supplements.
Testosterone is a hormone that performs a crucial position in both men and women’s well being.
It is primarily recognized for its affect on masculine traits similar to muscle mass, bone density, and libido.
Nonetheless, an extra of testosterone in the physique can lead to various well
being issues.
Sure, excessive testosterone levels can probably cause fertility issues in each men and women.
In males, excessive testosterone can negatively influence sperm production and quality.
In women, high testosterone ranges can result in irregular
ovulation or anovulation, making it harder to conceive.
It is essential to note that while excessive testosterone ranges can contribute to infertility,
there are many different components that may additionally
have an result on fertility. Another health condition that might be
attributed to high testosterone ranges is precocious puberty.
Precocious puberty is a situation the place youngsters begin going via puberty earlier than ordinary.
In boys, this could manifest as enlargement of the testes and penis, development of facial and body hair, and deepening of the voice.
Numerous well being circumstances may cause related symptoms, and solely a blood test can present an correct measurement of your testosterone levels.
It’s important to handle the side effects of elevated testosterone early on. These
side effects include elevated aggressive behavior,
decreased sperm depend, elevated urination, fluid retention, and zits.
When a woman experiences the effects of elevated testosterone on the body, she shall be ready to have lacking intervals, balding,
increased muscle mass, and oily skin.
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After this pinnacle in most mens’ thirties, manufacturing levels begin to decelerate and then fall
by an average of 1.6% annually. The testicles are answerable
for producing testosterone in men, whereas girls rely on a mix of their ovaries and their adrenal glands for T manufacturing.
Too much testosterone can interfere with your sleep patterns, leading to insomnia or disturbances in your sleep cycle.
A good night’s sleep is essential for total well being,
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Il y a de nombreuses ressources pour aider ceux qui reçoivent ces injections.
Les professionnels et les cliniques spécialisées peuvent offrir
des conseils. Il y a aussi des informations en ligne et auprès des associations médicales.
Vous vous sentez concerné par une baisse de vitalité
ou de libido ? N’hésitez pas à consulter un médecin sur Charles.co pour
faire un point et bénéficier d’un accompagnement adapté à votre âge et à votre état de santé.
Egalement la prise de Zinc (fruits de mer, surtout les huîtres), de Magnésium
(fruits, légumes, céréales, germe de blé, eau Hépar), de vitamine B6 (viande rouge) facilitent la production naturelle de testostérone.
Il implique une réponse ajustée aux besoins spécifiques du patient, y compris la potentialité d’introduction d’inhibiteurs de l’aromatase ou de HCG, afin de réguler finement l’équilibre hormonal.
En adoptant ces méthodes, non seulement vous maintiendrez un haut niveau d’hygiène, mais vous optimiserez aussi l’efficacité
du traitement hormonal. En suivant ces directives, les hommes sous traitement hormonal peuvent maximiser les bénéfices de leur thérapie tout en préservant leur bien-être.
La Testostérone ne convient pas aux femmes en raison de son fort
pouvoir androgène, qui peut accélérer la calvitie chez
les hommes, ainsi que provoquer une peau grasse/acné vulgaire.
Les sportifs doivent adapter leurs apports hydriques en fonction de leur pratique sportive mais ne jamais attendre une sensation de
soif pour boire. Pour y remédier, il y a différentes méthodes qui permettent
de relancer la manufacturing de cette hormone, que nous allons vous
décrire dans cet article. Nolvadex et Proviron, ne sont
pas nécessaires automotive ces deux produits n’aromatisent pas.
La leptine est en mesure de traverser la barrière qui entoure le cerveau pour se lier à ses
récepteurs présents à la floor de certains neurones.
Elle provoque alors la libération de kisspeptine,
une hormone qui stimule les neurones de l’hypothalamus qui, en réponse, produisent la
GnRH. Je suis docteur en pharmacie diplômée de l’Université de Rouen. Après
avoir exercé en pharmacie de ville, j’ai suivi une formation d’initiation au journalisme
et effectué un stage au sein d’un journal pharmaceutique.
Savez-vous que presque 5% des hommes âgés de plus de 50 ans reçoivent des traitements à base de testostérone ?
Cette statistique surprenante illustre l’importance d’un guide pour les injections de testostérone sûres dans le domaine de la santé masculine.
L’augmentation de l’utilisation du traitement hormonal chez les hommes souligne un besoin croissant de clarifier, sécuriser et optimiser
ces procédures médicales. Avec des implications directes sur
le bien-être et la qualité de vie, il s’avère essentiel d’être bien informé sur les meilleures
pratiques d’administration de la testostérone. Un taux de testostérone équilibré favorise à la
fois la vitalité physique et l’équilibre émotionnel.
Sur le plan corporel, il permet de préserver la masse musculaire, d’améliorer
la récupération après l’effort et de maintenir un bon niveau d’énergie au
quotidien. Les gestes gagnent en fluidité, l’envie de se
dépenser revient naturellement, et les performances sportives s’en trouvent renforcées, tout en réduisant le risque de blessures.
Un traitement substitutif à latestostérone n’est toutefois pas approprié chez les hommes qui ont
ou ont eu uncancer de la prostate, une apnée du sommeil,
un nombre élevé de globules rougesdans le sang ou une insuffisance cardiaque congestive.
Une femme enceinte doit éviter tout contact avec un homme
chez qui du gel à base de testostérone a été appliqué.
Pour traiter un déficit en testostérone chez l’homme adulte après affirmation par une prise de sang.
Elle ne présente aucune indication chez l’enfant et chez la femme.
Ces professionnels comprennent les besoins spécifiques des transgenres.
Ils fournissent le soutien nécessaire pour l’injection de testostérone.
Vous pouvez trouver des listes de ces cliniques en ligne, pour des ressources
médicales adaptées. On peut faire cette injection chez soi
après des instructions d’un soignant. Il faut suivre les étapes précises pour la préparation et l’administration. Il
faut nettoyer ses mains et la zone où l’injection sera faite.
Le sommeil est un facteur clé de la production de testostérone.
L’essentiel de cette hormone est produite pendant les phases de sommeil
profond, notamment en début de nuit. La masturbation en tant que telle
n’est pas malsaine pour le corps et la sexualité. Elle
peut permettre au sein du couple de mieux
vivre sa sexualité, si des différences de désir existent ;
automobile nous ne sommes pas toujours sur la même échelle, et c’est normal.
Une masturbation excessive est souvent le symptôme
d’un stress qui, lui, peut induire des problèmes d’érection. Et le risque est
de cumuler la masturbation avec un visionnage trop necessary de
porno.
Le Projet d’Intervention auprès des Mineurs de moins
de 25 ans Pratiquants du travail sexuel (PIaMP) offre du soutien. Ils aident ceux sous traitement hormonal
par des conseils et infos. Ils répondent aussi
aux questions sur les injections de testostérone. Il est essentiel de prendre le gel de testostérone selon les
recommandations du médecin et de maintenir un traitement régulier
pour optimiser les résultats désirés. Après 50 ans, une baisse de testostérone modérée
est normale, mais dans certains cas, on parle d’andropause.
Si les symptômes du manque de testostérone sont importants,
un bilan hormonal peut permettre d’y voir plus clair et d’éventuellement donner lieu
à un traitement à base de testostérone.
Cela signifiait que les athlètes pouvaient prendre
moins de poids, tout en obtenant des performances
athlétiques supérieures. Comme l’Anavar, le Winstrol ne
s’aromatise pas et brûle donc les réserves de graisse
sous-cutanée et viscérale. Les culturistes utilisent souvent
le Winstrol pendant les phases de sèche, pour devenir aussi secs et musclés que potential et maximiser la définition musculaire.
Une valeur inférieure à cette fourchette peut indiquer un problème de
santé masculine. La testostérone influe sur plusieurs elements de la
santé, y compris le bien-être émotionnel, soulignant l’importance de maintenir un niveau
hormonal équilibré. Malheureusement, la tren peut en fait augmenter la
graisse viscérale, souvent causée par l’augmentation des hormones sexuelles féminines, généralement les œstrogènes.
Bien qu’il n’y ait pas d’aromatisation notable ou d’activité œstrogénique avec la Trenbolone, la progestérone imite les mêmes effets
de stockage des graisses, que la Trenbolone augmente.
Le Winstrol entraîne également une baisse des niveaux de testostérone,
en raison des dommages causés à l’axe HPTA. Les utilisateurs constatent souvent que leur taux
de testostérone naturel revient à la normale plusieurs mois
après avoir pris du Winstrol (en supposant qu’ils ne prennent
pas d’autres substances anabolisantes après l’arrêt du
Winstrol). Pour que cette injection soit efficace et sûre, il faut
suivre les conseils d’un professionnel de santé.
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